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Mmamabula
Mmamabula is a planned coal mine and coal-fired power station to the east of the main road and rail corridor in Botswana between Gaborone and Francistown and south of the Serorome River. The power station would be near to the village of Mmaphashalala. It is about north of the capital city of Gaborone. Coalfield The Mmamabula coalfield is considered to be a western extension of the Waterberg Coalfield in the Ellisras Basin in South Africa, to the east, which contains about 40% of South Africa's coal resources. CIC Energy of Canada owned two prospecting licences in the coal field and conducted extensive exploratory drilling between 2005 and 2012. The portions of the coalfield for which CIC Energy held licences are estimated to have 2.4 billion tonnes of thermal coal of a quality suitable for export, for local power generation and for coal gasification. Deposits were roughly 360 million tonnes in the Central block, 643 million tonnes in the Western block, and 1,392 million ton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botswana
Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label= Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia across the short Zambezi River border by the Kazungula Bridge. A country of slightly over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. About 11.6 percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s—it has since transformed itself into an upper-middle-income country, with one of the world's fastest-growing economies. Modern-day humans first inhabited the country over 200,000 years ago. The Tswana ethn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serorome River
The Serorome River is a river in the Central District of Botswana, a tributary of the Limpopo River. Geology At one time the western Kalahari Region was a large, shallow inland lake, draining into the Limpopo through the Serorome Valley. Later geological upheavals re-oriented the rivers in the region to mainly flow northeast into the Zambezi. The Serorome valley is the exception, still leading to the Limpopo via a rift fault. Climate Today the river flows through relatively flat, semi-arid country with savannah grasslands, shrubs and trees. The river flows occasionally in the rainy season, which lasts from November to April, and for the remainder of the year it is dry. It flows below its confluence with the Bonwapitse River due to run off in the Bonwapitse catchment. David Livingstone visited the region in 1857, and described the Serorome as "... a lovely spot in the otherwise dry region. The wells from which we had to lift out water for our cattle are deep, but they were w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellisras Basin
The Ellisras Basin is a geological basin that spans the border between South Africa and Botswana, extending west from the town of Lephalale (formerly Ellisras) in Limpopo province. Basin fill consists of sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup, with maximum thickness of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). The principal economic resources in the basin are the Waterberg Coalfield in South African and the Mmamabula coalfields in Botswana. Location The Ellisras Basin is about north of the main Karoo Basin. It extends east from the Kalahari Basin that underlies much of Botswana. The South African portion of the Ellisras basin is about from east to west and from north to south. The portion in Botswana extends much further to the north and south. Structure The basin formed at the same time as the Karoo Supergroup, and is around 310 to 180 million years old. It has the asymmetrical cross-section typical of a half-graben, bounded on the north side by a fault zone that slopes steeply ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North-South Carrier
The North-South Carrier (NSC) is a pipeline in Botswana that carries raw water south for a distance of to the capital city of Gaborone. Phase 1 was completed in 2000. Phase 2 of the NSC, under construction, will duplicate the pipeline to carry water from the Dikgatlhong Dam, which was completed in 2012. A proposed extension to deliver water from the Zambezi would add another to the total pipeline length. The NSC is the largest engineering project ever undertaken in Botswana. Climate Botswana has an arid climate, with little in the way of surface water supplies. Until recently, groundwater wells were used to meet about 80% of demand for water. Some of the groundwater accumulated long ago when the climate was wetter. "Groundwater mining" is not sustainable in areas where the water is not being renewed from the surface. The more populous eastern portion of Botswana lies in the Limpopo River basin, which is considered "closed". In the South African portion of the basin, water us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dikgatlhong Dam
The Dikgatlhong Dam is a dam near the village of Robelela on the Shashe River in Botswana, completed in December 2011. When full it will hold . The next largest dam in Botswana, the Gaborone Dam, has capacity of . Purpose The dam is located on the Shashe River three kilometers below the confluence with the Tati River, about northeast of the town of Selebi Phikwe. It is upstream of the Botswana - Zimbabwe border. The project should increase the secure supply of water for Gaborone, Francistown, and towns and villages along the north–south route for the foreseeable future. It will eventually deliver another per second of raw water delivery to the north–south carrier pipeline. Water will also be fed to the Palapye coalfields and to the proposed 1,200 MW power station at Mmamabula. Project costs for the dam were around P1,134 million (US$300 million). The pipeline would cost another P1,127 million. The reservoir may also attract tourists drawn by wildlife, water sports an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jindal Steel And Power
Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL) is an Indian steel company based in New Delhi. JSPL is a part of OP Jindal Group, and a leading player in steel, mining, and infrastructure in India. The company produces steel through backward integration from its own captive coal and iron-ore mines. In terms of tonnage, it is the third largest private steel producer in India and only private player in India to produce rails. The company manufactures and sells sponge iron, mild steel slabs, rails, mild steel, structural, hot rolled plates, iron ore pellets and coils. Jindal Steel and Power set up the world's first coal-gasification based DRI plant at Angul, Odisha that uses the locally available high-ash coal and turns it into synthesis gas for steel making, reducing the dependence on imported coke-rich coal. JSPL's coal gas-based steel tech became a case study at Harvard University. Operations Chhattisgarh Raigarh JSPL's Raigarh plant is the world's largest coal-based sponge iron manuf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sajjan Jindal
Sajjan Jindal (born 5 December 1959) is an Indian billionaire industrialist. He is the chairman and managing director of JSW Group of companies; diversified in steel, mining, energy, sports, infrastructure and, software business. For 2021-2022, he served as the chairman of World Steel Association. He was replaced by POSCO's Jeong-Woo Choi. Early life and education He is one of the sons of Indian businessman and parliamentarian, Om Prakash Jindal. His youngest brother, Naveen, is a former Member of Parliament of India from the Indian National Congress party and also leading Jindal Steel and Power. According to ''Forbes'', Jindal family led by Savitri Jindal is worth US$14.5 billion, as of 2021. Sajjan Jindal holds a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore. Career In 1982, he joined the OP Jindal Group as a freshly graduated mechanical engineer, and within a year he moved to Mumbai to look after the western r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the Sustainable Development Goals as well as environmental and social safeguards. , the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Center For Global Development
The Center for Global Development (CGD) is a nonprofit think tank based in Washington, D.C., and London that focuses on international development. History It was founded in November 2001 by former senior U.S. official Edward W. Scott, director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, C. Fred Bergsten, and Nancy Birdsall. Birdsall, the former vice president of the Inter-American Development Bank and former director of the Policy Research Department at the World Bank, became the center's first president. Lawrence Summers was unanimously elected in March 2014 by the CGD Board of Directors to succeed founding Board Chair Edward Scott Jr., on May 1, 2014. CGD was ranked the 13th most prominent think tank in the international development sphere by University of Pennsylvania's "2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". In 2009, ''Foreign Policy'' magazine's Think-Tank Index listed CGD as one of the top 15 overall think-tanks in the US. CGD's stated mission i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naveen Jindal
Naveen Jindal (born 9 March 1970) is an Indian billionaire industrialist, and a former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha from Kurukshetra, Haryana in the 14th and 15th Lok Sabha. He currently serves as the Chairman of Jindal Steel and Power Limited and Chancellor of O. P. Jindal Global University. He is an active campaigner for population stabilisation, women's empowerment, environmental conservation, health and education. As an acknowledgement of Jindal's donations to his alma mater, the University of Texas at Dallas renamed its School of Management to Naveen Jindal School of Management in 2011. Background and personal life Jindal was born in Hisar, Haryana, on 9 March 1970, youngest child of the late industrialist-philanthropist-politician Shri Om Prakash Jindal, former Minister of Power in the Government of Haryana, India, and his wife Smt Savitri Jindal who too was a minister in Haryana Government till 2014. Jindal studied at Campus School, CCS HAU and DPS Mathura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitol Energy
Vitol is a Swiss-based multinational energy and commodity trading company that was founded in Rotterdam in 1966 by Henk Viëtor and Jacques Detiger. Though trading, logistics and distribution are at the core of its business, these are complemented by refining, shipping, terminals, exploration and production, power generation, and retail businesses. Vitol has 40 offices worldwide and its largest operations are in Geneva, Houston, London, and Singapore. With revenues of $279 billion in 2021, Vitol is the largest independent energy trader in the world, and would be the sixth largest company worldwide as measured by revenue on the ''Fortune'' Global 500 list. Given the secrecy Vitol maintains around all its business activities and the limited nature of its statutory disclosures, it is excluded from rankings. The company, however, does provide some more financial information to its lenders and to a few other entities with which it trades. The company ships more than 350 million tonne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walvis Bay
Walvis Bay ( en, lit. Whale Bay; af, Walvisbaai; ger, Walfischbucht or Walfischbai) is a city in Namibia and the name of the bay on which it lies. It is the second largest city in Namibia and the largest coastal city in the country. The city covers a total area of of land. The bay is a safe haven for sea vessels because of its natural deepwater harbour, protected by the Pelican Point sand spit, being the only natural harbour of any size along the country's coast. Being rich in plankton and marine life, these waters also drew large numbers of southern right whales, attracting whalers and fishing vessels. A succession of colonists developed the location and resources of this strategic harbour settlement. The harbour's value in relation to the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope had caught the attention of world powers since it was discovered by the outside world in 1485. This explains the complicated political status of Walvis Bay down the years. The town is situated j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
