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Mikołaj
Mikołaj is the Polish cognate of given name Nicholas, used both as a given name and a surname. It may refer to people: In Polish (or Polish-Lithuanian) nobility: * Mikołaj Firlej (died 1526), Polish nobleman, Hetman, diplomat, and expert of south-east Europe * Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman and the first Grand Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord * Mikołaj Mielecki, Polish nobleman and politician * Mikołaj Ostroróg, Polish nobleman * Mikołaj Potocki, member of the Polish nobility, magnate, and the Field Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, noble of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Palatine of Vilnius, and Grand Chancellor of Lithuania * Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Chancellor, and Grand Hetman of Lithuania * Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, and Lord Grand Chamberlain of Lithuania * Mikołaj Sienicki, notable member of the lande ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Radomski
Mikołaj is the Polish cognate of given name Nicholas, used both as a given name and a surname. It may refer to people: In Polish (or Polish-Lithuanian) nobility: * Mikołaj Firlej (died 1526), Polish nobleman, Hetman, diplomat, and expert of south-east Europe * Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman and the first Grand Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord * Mikołaj Mielecki, Polish nobleman and politician * Mikołaj Ostroróg, Polish nobleman * Mikołaj Potocki, member of the Polish nobility, magnate, and the Field Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, noble of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Palatine of Vilnius, and Grand Chancellor of Lithuania * Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Chancellor, and Grand Hetman of Lithuania * Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, and Lord Grand Chamberlain of Lithuania * Mikołaj Sienicki, notable member of the lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Hussowski
Mikołaj is the Polish cognate of given name Nicholas, used both as a given name and a surname. It may refer to people: In Polish (or Polish-Lithuanian) nobility: * Mikołaj Firlej (died 1526), Polish nobleman, Hetman, diplomat, and expert of south-east Europe * Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman and the first Grand Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord * Mikołaj Mielecki, Polish nobleman and politician * Mikołaj Ostroróg, Polish nobleman * Mikołaj Potocki, member of the Polish nobility, magnate, and the Field Hetman of the Crown * Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, noble of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Palatine of Vilnius, and Grand Chancellor of Lithuania * Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Chancellor, and Grand Hetman of Lithuania * Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian lord, and Lord Grand Chamberlain of Lithuania * Mikołaj Sienicki, notable member of the lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł
Prince Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł ( lt, Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila Našlaitėlis) (2 Augustus 1549 – 28 February 1616) and nicknamed "the Orphan" ( pl, Sierotka, lt, Našlaitėlis), was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman (szlachcic), Ordynat of Nyasvizh from 1586, Court Marshal of Lithuania from 1569, Grand Marshal of Lithuania from 1579, castellan of Trakai from 1586, voivode of Trakai Voivodeship from 1590, voivode of Vilnius Voivodeship from 1604 and governor of Šiauliai. After the treaty at Vienna in 1515 all Radziwills were Imperial Princes and he held a position as Imperial Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. Biography He was nicknamed "the Orphan", in his infancy, by the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus (while his parents were still alive). He married Halaszka Eufemia Wiśniowiecka on 24 November 1584, a Calvinist who under his influence too converted to Roman Catholicism. He took part in the Livonian War against Muscovites.Peter Paul BajeShort history of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł
Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł (4 February 1515 – 28 May 1565), nicknamed ''The Black'' (Polish: ''Czarny''), was a Polish-Lithuanian noble who held several administrative positions within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Voivode of Vilnius, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, and Grand Hetman of Lithuania. Alternate renditions of his name include lt, Mikalojus Radvila Juodasis, be, Мікалай Радзівіл Чорны, and la, Nicolaus Radvil. His first name is sometimes given in English as Nicholas. Political influence Mikołaj was able to gain much political influence thanks to the romance between his cousin Barbara Radziwiłł and the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Zygmunt II August.Peter Paul BajeShort history of the Radziwill Family This made him one of the most powerful royal advisers. Mikolaj became Marshal of Lithuania, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, as well as Palatine of Vilnius, gained immense wealth and became the most powerful magnate in the Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł
Mikołaj Radziwiłł, nicknamed ''The Red'' (Polish ''Rudy'', Lithuanian: ''Radvila Rudasis''), also known as ''Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Sixth'' (1512 – 27 April 1584), was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman, Count Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, and Grand Lithuanian Hetman (from 1576) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Together with his cousin Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł and the Radziwiłł family were granted title and position as Reichsfürst Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. Mikołaj Radziwiłł spent many years as a military commander. While not the most famous of Commonwealth hetmans, under king Stefan Batory he was fairly successful in defending the eastern borders of the Commonwealth against the Muscovy. One of his most notable victories was achieved during the Battle of Ula of 1564 when his commanded forces defeated much larger Ivan the Terrible's forces. His political career was marked by his allian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (; pl, Mikołaj Kopernik; gml, Niklas Koppernigk, german: Nikolaus Kopernikus; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic Church, Catholic canon (priest), canon, who formulated a mathematical model, model of Celestial spheres#Renaissance, the universe that placed heliocentrism, the Sun rather than Earth at its center. In all likelihood, Copernicus developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. The publication of Copernicus's model in his book ' (''On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres''), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a region that had been part of the Kingdom of Poland (1385� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski (1553–1620) of Radwan coat of arms, voivode of Lublin from 1589, Grand Crown Marshal between 1596–1600, voivode of Kraków from 1601. He is famous for an armed rebellion against King Sigismund III Vasa, the Zebrzydowski Rebellion, a ''rokosz'' named after himself. It took place in 1606, and was defeated by 1607. After the failed rebellion, he sponsored the creation of the Roman Catholic monastery of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, which is regarded as one of the most important pilgrimage sites of Poland. Mikołaj Zebrzydowski is one of the personas on the famous painting by Jan Matejko: ''Skarga's Sermon''. Biography Early life Zebrzydowski was born in 1553 in Kraków, into a family which became powerful and influential in the second half of the 16th century. His grandfather Jan Zebrzydowski (died probably 1538) was a royal rotmistrz. His father Florian, who died in 1566, was a castellan of Oświęcim and Lublin, and a court hetman. Florian Zebrzydowski author ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Rej
Mikołaj Rej or Mikołaj Rey of Nagłowice (4 February 1505 – between 8 September/5 October 1569) was a Polish poet and prose writer of the emerging Renaissance in Poland as it succeeded the Middle Ages, as well as a politician and musician. He was the first Polish author to write exclusively in the Polish language, and is considered (with Biernat of Lublin and Jan Kochanowski), to be one of the founders of Polish literary language and literature.Mikołaj Rej collection (with biography and body of works), ''National Digital Library'' (Cyfrowa Biblioteka Narodowa ''Polona''), 2006. Life Rej was born into a noble family (bea ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Trąba
Mikołaj Trąba (; 1358 – 2 December 1422), of Trąby coat of arms, was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, Royal Notary from 1390, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown 1403–12, bishop of Halicz 1410–12, archbishop of Gniezno from 1412, and first primate of Poland 1417–22. Biography Born in Sandomierz, he was the son of priest Jakub of Collegiate Chapter, and was adopted into the nobility (''szlachta''). Confidant to Władysław Jagiełło He was one of the advisors of king of Poland, Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło), becoming his confessor in 1386 and accompanying him during the baptism of Lithuania in 1387. At court he held the titles of Royal Notary from 1390 and Deputy Chancellor of the Crown from 1403 to 1412. In 1391 with the help of queen Jadwiga of Poland he was allowed by Pope Boniface IX to undertake higher Holy Orders. He was known for his opposition to the Teutonic Knights, and become trusted advisor of the king who often would discuss his plans only with him and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Kamieniecki
Mikołaj Kamieniecki h. Pilawa (1460 – 15 April 1515) was a Polish nobleman ( szlachcic) and the first Great Hetman of the Crown. Mikołaj was the oldest son of castellan of Sanok Henryk Kamieniecki and Katarzyna Pieniążkówna. He was owner of Węglówka, Kombornia, Wola Komborska, Jabłonica, Malinówka and the Kamieniec (ger. ''Erenberg'') castle in Odrzykoń. A trusted co-worker of King Jan I Olbracht and Kazimierz Jagiellończyk. He became castellan of Sandomierz, voivode of the Kraków Voivodship and was Great Hetman of the Crown from 1503 until 1515. Mikołaj defeated Vlachs in the Battle of Czerniowce during the Moldavian campaign in 1509 and Turks in 1512 in the Battle of Łopuszno. Marriage and issue Mikołaj married Anna Tarnowska-Melsztyńska h. Leliwa in ca. 1480 but remained childless. Bibliography * ''Mikołaj Kamieniecki'', Polski Słownik Biograficzny, T. 11, s. 517 See also *Lublin Voivode The Lublin Voivodeship, also known as the Lublin Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł
Mikołaj Radziwiłł, also known as ''Mikołaj Radziwiłł The Seventh'' (1546–1589) was Reichsfürst of the Holy Roman Empire and a Polish–Lithuanian noble ( szlachcic), Great Chamberlain of Lithuania in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Voivode of Nowogródek Voivodeship, starost mozyryski and merecki. Member of the Radziwiłł family. He was a Calvinist Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca .... 1546 births 1589 deaths Mikolaj 07 Radziwill Polish people of the Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory Military personnel of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth {{Lithuania-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Sienicki
Mikołaj Sienicki of Bończa (c. 1521-1582) was a member of the landed gentry of the Kingdom of Poland. He held the office of chamberlain of the land of Chełm and was a notable politician of his period. Considered one of the best Polish political orators, he also held the title of marshal of the Sejm nine times. A Protestant, near the end of his life he became a member of the Polish Brethren and one of the major initiators of, and contributors to the Warsaw Confederation, which introduced new laws of religious tolerance in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, on a scale unimaginable in contemporary Europe. Early career Mikołaj Sienicki was born around 1521, to Stanisław Sienicki and Barbara née Boryszewska. In 1535 he started studies at the Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in Europe. Soon afterwards he took active interest in politics, joining his father in the sessions of the local parliament (''sejmik'') of his home region (Chełm land or ''ziemia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
