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Masyumi
The Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations ( id, Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia), better known as the Masyumi Party, was a major Islamic political party in Indonesia during the Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia. It was banned in 1960 by President Sukarno for supporting the PRRI rebellion. Background In 1909, a trade organization called the Islamic Trading Association ( id, Sarekat Dagang Islam) was established in Java, then part of the Dutch East Indies to protect the interests of batik traders in the face of competition from ethnic Chinese merchants. In 1912, this became the Sarekat Islam (Islamic Union), and was headed by western-educated Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto. Although it began as a non-political organization, it began to speak out against injustice and poverty. By 1918, it had 450,000 members. Communist influence within it grew, but so did that of the reformist Islamic Muhammadiyah organization, which was anti-communist. In 1920, Muhammadiyah merged into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
Soekiman Wirjosandjojo ( EYD: Sukiman Wiryosanjoyo; 19June 1898 – 23July 1974) was an Indonesian politician and physician who served as prime minister of Indonesia from 1951 until 1952. A member of the Masyumi Party, he also served as the party's first chairman. Born into a merchant family in Surakarta, Soekiman was educated as a physician at Batavia's STOVIA medical school and at Amsterdam University. Having served as chairman of the '' Perhimpoenan Indonesia'' association while in the Netherlands, he returned to Java and began participating in politics while working as a doctor. He was active within the Islamic political organization Sarekat Islam, although he was expelled in 1933 due to a dispute and founded his own Islamic political party. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, he was active within the Pusat Tenaga Rakyat propaganda organization, and in 1945 was appointed a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara (EYD: Syafruddin Prawiranegara; 28 February 191115 February 1989) was an Indonesian statesman and economist. He served as the head of government in the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, as Minister of Finance in several cabinets, and was the first Governor of Bank Indonesia between 1951 and 1958. He then became the prime minister of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia, a shadow government set up in opposition to the country's central government. Originating from Banten with Minangkabau ancestry, Sjafruddin became active in politics after his education in law. By 1940, he was working at a tax office, and joined the nationalist movements during the Japanese occupation of 1942–1945. Due to his closeness to the revolutionary leader Sutan Sjahrir, he was appointed finance minister in the Republican government during the Indonesian National Revolution of 1945–1949. In this capacity, he lobbied for and distributed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmusi
Parmusi (Muslim Party of Indonesia, id, Partai Muslimin Indonesia) was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 1968, came fourth in the 1971 Indonesian legislative election, winning 5.36% of the vote and 24 seats in the legislature, and in 1973 was obliged by the New Order regime to join other Islamist parties and fuse into the United Development Party. Background Following the 1945 Indonesian Declaration of Independence, the Masyumi Party was established to accommodate the interests of Muslims. It took the same name as the wartime organisation established by the occupying Japanese. In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, Masyumi did not perform as well as had been expected, despite coming second, and the party began a period of decline. It subsequently became increasingly identified with dissent from non-Java Indonesia, the basis of most of its support. Fears of a Javanese-dominated Indonesia eventually led to open rebellion and the formation of the Revolu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Democracy Era In Indonesia (1950-1957)
The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia ( Indonesian: ''Demokrasi Liberal''), also known as the Era of Parliamentary Democracy, was a period in Indonesian political history, when Indonesia was under a liberal democracy system which began on 17 August 1950 following the dissolution of the federal United States of Indonesia less than a year after its formation, and ended with the imposition of martial law and President Sukarno's decree, resulting in the introduction of the Guided Democracy period on 5 July 1959. On August 17, 1950, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), which was a form of state as a result of the Round Table Conference agreement and the recognition of sovereignty with the Netherlands, was officially dissolved. The government system was also changed to a Parliamentary Democracy and based on the Provisional Constitution of 1950. The period of liberal democracy was marked by the growth of political parties and the enactment of a parliamentary s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nahdlatul Ulama
Nahdlatul Ulama (, , NU) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. Its membership estimates range from 40 million (2013) to over 95 million (2021), making it the largest Islamic organization in the world. NU also is a charitable body funding schools and hospitals as well as organizing communities to help alleviate poverty. The NU was founded in 1926 by a ''ulema'' and merchants to defend both traditionalist Islamic practices (in accordance with Shafi'i school) and its members' economic interests. NU's religious views are considered "traditionalist" in that they tolerate local culture as long as it doesn't contradict Islamic teachings. By contrast the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, the Muhammadiyah, is considered "reformist" as it takes a more literal interpretation of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Some leaders of Nahdlatul Ulama are ardent advocates of Islam Nusantara, a distinctive brand of Islam that has undergone interaction, contextualization, indigenization, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Islamic Union Party
Indonesian Islamic Union Party ( id, Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia) was an Islamic political party in Indonesia before and after independence. In 1973 it was merged into the United Development Party. The pre-independence party Establishment and aims The Sarekat Islam (Islamic Association) was a pre-war political organization in the then-Dutch East Indies. Following a split brought about by the increasing influence of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), at the organization's 1923 conference, Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto and Agus Salim set up the Islamic Union Party ( id, Partai Sarekat Islam - PSI) to rid the organization of the PKI. The PSII supported Sukarno's efforts to unite Indonesian political organizations following the establishment of the Indonesian National Party (PNI) in 1927. The PSI changed its name to the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII) in 1929. At the 1930 party congress held in Yogyakarta, the party outlined its six key principles, namely: * Unity of the Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Party
The Indonesian National Party ( id, Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the 2000s. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats. Pre-independence In November 1925, Sukarno, then a young engineer studying at the Bandung Technical College, founded the ''Algemeene Studie Club'', a study club inspired by a similar organization founded by Soetomo in Surabaya. The study club was later reformed on 4 July 1927 into a movement called the Indonesian National Association. In May 1928, the name was changed to the Indones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modernism (Islam In Indonesia)
In the context of Muslim society in Indonesia, Modernism or modernist Islam refers to a religious movement which puts emphasis on teachings purely derived from the Islamic religious scriptures, the ''Qur'an'' and ''Hadith''. Modernism is often contrasted with traditionalism, which upholds ''ulama''-based and syncretic vernacular traditions. Modernism is inspired by reformism during the late-19th to early 20th century based in the Middle East, such as the Islamic modernist, '' Salafiyya'' and Wahhabi movements. Throughout the history of contemporary Muslim Indonesia, these movements have inspired various religious organizations; from the mass organization Muhammadiyah (1912), political party Masyumi Party (1943), to missionary organization Indonesian Islamic Dawah Council (1967). Usage of the term The division between "traditionalism" and "modernism" is widely used by both Indonesians and foreign academics to describe the chasm which has been existed among the contemporary Musli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abadi (newspaper)
''Abadi'' was a daily Indonesian language newspaper based in Jakarta, which was published between 1951–1960 and 1968–1974. The newspaper was affiliated with the Masyumi political party, and was one of the largest newspapers in the Sukarno period until its ban in 1960. After the fall of Sukarno, it resumed publication in 1968 until its second ban in 1974 following the Malari incident during the Suharto period. History The newspaper began publication on 2 January 1951, initially led by Suardi Tasrif and printed in Jakarta. It was founded as the party newspaper of Masyumi, with a motto of "for religion, nation and country". Being a politically affiliated newspaper, ''Abadi'' would often become hostile to the sitting government when Masyumi was in the opposition - in 1953, for example, the distribution of ''Abadi'' in prisons was banned. During the mid-1950s, ''Abadi'' had a daily circulation of around 34,000, behind the Indonesian National Party's '' Suluh Indonesia'', the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Natsir
Mohammad Natsir (17 July 19086 February 1993) was an Islamic scholar and politician. He was Indonesia's fifth prime minister. After moving to Bandung from his hometown Solok, West Sumatra for senior high school, Natsir studied Islamic doctrine extensively. His first articles were published in 1929, and during the 1930s he wrote for several Islamic-themed papers. He entered politics in the mid-1930s, rising through the ranks of Islamic parties. On 5 September 1950, he was chosen as prime minister, a term which he served until 26 April 1951. After his term as prime minister, he became increasingly vocal about Islam's role in Indonesia and was eventually arrested for doing so. Released in 1966 after the New Order government took power, Natsir continued to be critical of the government, eventually leading to him being banned from traveling. He died in his home in Jakarta, on 6 February 1993. Natsir wrote extensively on Islam, totaling 45 books and hundreds of articles. He viewed Isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)
The Crescent Star Party ( id, Partai Bulan Bintang) is a political party in Indonesia. History The party's origins go back to the banning of the Islamic Masyumi Party by Sukarno in 1960. After the ban, supporters and followers of the party established the Crescent Star Family (''Keluarga Bulan Bintang'') to continue to press for the implementation of Sharia law and Islamic teaching in Indonesia. Following the fall of Sukarno and the transition to the New Order in which Suharto came to power, members of the organization wanted to revive the Masyumi Party, but this was not allowed by the new regime. In the 1970s, in a meeting in Malang, a new party called Parmusi (''Partai Muslimin Indonesia'', Muslim Party of Indonesia) was formed. It came fourth in the 1971 legislative elections. In 1973, the party was forced to merge with other Islamic parties into the United Development Party. With the fall of Suharto in 1998, supporters of Masyumi decided to establish a new party. The origina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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