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List Of Warlords And Military Cliques In The Warlord Era
The Warlord Era was a historical period of the Republic of China that began from 1916 and lasted until the mid-1930s, during which the country was divided and ruled by various military cliques following the death of Yuan Shikai in 1916. Communist revolution broke out in the later part of the warlord period, beginning the Chinese Civil War. The era nominally ended in 1928 at the conclusion of the Northern Expedition with the Northeast Flag Replacement, beginning the " Nanjing decade". However, "residual warlords" continued to exist into the 1930s under ''de jure'' Kuomintang rule, and remained until the end of the Communist victory in 1949. The warlords and military cliques of the Warlord Era are generally divided into the Northern factions and the Southern factions. The following is a list of cliques within each faction, and the dominant warlords within that clique. Northern factions The cliques in the North emerged from the fragmentation of the Beiyang Government/Army. Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WikiProject Lists
A WikiProject, or Wikiproject, is a Wikimedia movement affinity group for contributors with shared goals. WikiProjects are prevalent within the largest wiki, Wikipedia, and exist to varying degrees within sister projects such as Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikidata, and Wikisource. They also exist in different languages, and translation of articles is a form of their collaboration. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CBS News noted the role of Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine in maintaining the accuracy of articles related to the disease. Another WikiProject that has drawn attention is WikiProject Women Scientists, which was profiled by '' Smithsonian'' for its efforts to improve coverage of women scientists which the profile noted had "helped increase the number of female scientists on Wikipedia from around 1,600 to over 5,000". On Wikipedia Some Wikipedia WikiProjects are substantial enough to engage in cooperative activities with outside organizations relevant to the field at issue. For e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui (; ) (March 6, 1865 – November 2, 1936) was a Chinese warlord and politician, a commander of the Beiyang Army and the acting Chief Executive of the Republic of China (in Beijing) from 1924 to 1926. He was also the Premier of the Republic of China on four occasions between 1913 and 1918. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920. Early life Born in Hefei as ''Duan Qirui'' (), his courtesy name was ''Zhiquan'' (). His grandfather was Duan Pei ( zh, 段佩), an officer in Li Hongzhang's privately raised Huai Army (Huai Jun, zh, 淮軍). His father died early and he was raised by his maternal grandmother. Early career In 1885 Duan Qirui entered Tianjin Military Academy (), specializing in artillery, and graduated at the top of his class. Spence 285 After graduation, he was sent to Lüshun to oversee the construction of artillery fortifications and came to the attention of Li Hongzhang, who sent him to study military science in Germany for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Zhili–Fengtian War
The Second Zhili–Fengtian War (Second Chihli-Fengtien War; ) of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria, and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests. The war is considered the most significant in China's Warlord era, with the Beijing coup by Christian warlord Feng Yuxiang leading to the overall defeat of the Zhili clique. During the war the two cliques fought one large battle near Tianjin in October 1924, as well as a number of smaller skirmishes and sieges. Afterwards, both Feng and Zhang Zuolin, the latter being ruler of the Fengtian clique, appointed Duan Qirui as a figurehead prime minister. In south and central China, more liberal Chinese were dismayed by the Fengtian's advance and by the resulting power vacuum. A wave of protests followed. The war also distracted the northern warlords from the Soviet-backed Nationalists based in the southern province of Guangdong, allowing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Yongxiang
Lu Yongxiang may refer to: *Lu Yongxiang (warlord) Lu Yongxiang, (; October 22, 1867 – May 15, 1933), Anhui clique warlord, military governor of Zhejiang, Zhili, and Jiangsu. Lu Yongxiang was born October 22, 1867, in Jiyang, Shandong, China. Impoverished as a child, he joined the Huai Ar ... (1867–1933), Chinese warlord of the Anhui clique * Lu Yongxiang (engineer) (born 1942), Chinese mechanical engineer {{Hndis, Lu, Yongxiang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Yongxiang (warlord)
Lu Yongxiang, (; October 22, 1867 – May 15, 1933), Anhui clique warlord, military governor of Zhejiang, Zhili, and Jiangsu. Lu Yongxiang was born October 22, 1867, in Jiyang, Shandong, China. Impoverished as a child, he joined the Huai Army in 1890. In 1895 he joined the new Beiyang Army, rising to brigade commander. At the time of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution Lu was given command of the Beiyang 3rd Division. After the Republic of China was established, Lu was appointed commander of the Beiyang Tenth Division, guarding Zhejiang. For joining Duan Qirui, as part of the Anhui clique Lu was made military governor of Zhejiang from August 14, 1919 to September 7, 1924. Near the end of his term as Zhejiang governor he fell out with his counterpart, Jiangsu governor Qi Xieyuan, over control of Shanghai and their conflict became the First Jiangsu-Zhejiang War. Lu was defeated by Qi and his Zhili clique allies, most importantly Sun Chuanfang, when Sun attacked from the south. His con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Yitang2
Wang may refer to: Names * Wang (surname) (王), a common Chinese surname * Wāng (汪), a less common Chinese surname * Titles in Chinese nobility * A title in Korean nobility * A title in Mongolian nobility Places * Wang River in Thailand * Wang Township, Minnesota, a township in the United States * Wang, Bavaria, a town in the district of Freising, Bavaria, Germany * Wang, Austria, a town in the district of Scheibbs in Lower Austria * An abbreviation for the town of Wangaratta, Australia * Wang Theatre, in Boston, Massacheussetts * Charles B. Wang Center, an Asian American center at Stony Brook University Other * Wang (Tibetan Buddhism), a form of empowerment or initiation * Wang tile, in mathematics, are a class of formal systems * ''Wang'' (musical), an 1891 New York musical * Wang Film Productions, Taiwanese-American animation studios * Wang Laboratories, an American computer company founded by Dr. An Wang * WWNG, a radio station (1330 AM) licensed to serve Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Yitang
Wang Yitang (; October 17, 1877 – September 10, 1948) was a politician and military leader in the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. He belonged to the Anhui clique and formed the Anfu Club (). Later he became an important politician in the Provisional Government of the Republic of China and the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei regime). His former name was Zhiyang () and his courtesy names were Shenwu () and Shengong (). Later, his name was changed to Geng () while his courtesy name was changed to Yitang (). He was also known by his art name Yitang (). He was born in Hefei, Anhui. Biography In the end of the Qing Dynasty A native of Hefei in Anhui Province, Wang Yitang passed the imperial examination in 1904 for the highest degree jinshi; however, he hoped to study about the military. In September he was sent on a government scholarship to Japan, where he attended the Tokyo Shimbu Academy, a military preparatory school. After gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Yunpeng
Jin Yunpeng (); ; 1877 – 30 January 1951) was a Chinese general and politician of the Warlord Era of the Republic of China. He served as both Minister of War and then Premier of China several times. His ascent to the Premiership was supported and engineered by Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin, as he was the leader of an Anfu Club faction rival to Xu Shichang. He promised several cabinet positions to the Anfu Club but went back on his word after he won. A political crisis began in February 1920 when Zhao Ti, the military governor of Henan nominally allied with the Anhui Clique but neutral with the Zhili Clique, was attempted to be replaced with Wu Guangxin, a relative of Duan Qirui. Zhao responded by allying with Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin's alliance. Jin attempted to resign over the appointment, but was dissuaded. A rift with the Anfu Club had formed, which led to an effort to remove him. However, Jin's position was relatively secure as he had the support of the Zhili and Fengtian Cli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duan Zhigui
Duan Zhigui (; 1869 – March 1925) was a Chinese general. Born in Hefei, Anhui, he attained the post of Heilongjiang governor in the late Qing dynasty and between 1912-13 was governor of Chahar and the military governor of Hubei between 1914–15, as well as military and civil governor of Fengtian in 1915-16. A staunch supporter of Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty rule of China in 1912, later becoming the Emperor of China. H ..., he was nicknamed the "Adopted Prince", and when Duan Qirui, a fellow Hefei native, took the Beijing government in 1917, Duan was made a Minister of War; however, with Duan Qirui's defeat by 1920, Duan Zhigui fled to the Japanese embassy. He was remitted in 1922 and lived in Tianjin until his death there in 1925. References External links Tuan Chi-kwei (Duan Zhigui) 段芝貴from ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupation Of Mongolia
The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy () began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats, Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces. These, in turn, were defeated by the Red Army and its Mongolian allies by June 1921. Although the Beiyang government abolished the autonomy of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia in Outer Mongolia and then expanded its occupation to include Uryankhay Krai (Tuva), it was unable to consolidate its rule over both regions. Background In December 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution, Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty in the Mongolian Revolution of 1911. Mongolia became a ''de facto'' absolute theocratic monarchy led by the Bogd Khan. However, the newly established Republic of China claimed inheritance of all territories held by the Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Shuzheng
Hsu Seu-Cheng or Xu Shuzheng (; ) (11 November 1880 – 29 December 1925) was a Chinese warlord in Republican China. A subordinate and right-hand man of Duan Qirui, he was a prominent member of the Anhui clique. Early life Xu was born in Xiao County, Jiangsu (now part of Anhui province), with a scholar family background. He was one of the youngest persons ever to pass the Imperial examinations. In 1905 he was accepted into the Japanese School of Land Army Officials, and returned to China in 1910. From 1911-17 he served in the First Army in various positions on the general staff, such as chief of the Logistics Department, deputy chief of land forces and chief of land forces. In 1914 he founded a middle school called Cheng Da Middle School, which is the predecessor of today’s Affiliated High School of the Capital Normal College. In 1918 Xu founded the Anfu Club, the political arm of the Anhui clique, which then won three-fourths of the seats in the National Assembly. La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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