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Ligamenvirales
''Ligamenvirales'' is an order of linear viruses that infect archaea of the phylum Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota) and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The order was proposed by David Prangishvili and Mart Krupovic in 2012 and subsequently created by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The name is derived from the Latin {{lang, la, ligamen, meaning ''string'' or ''thread''.{{cn, date=November 2022 Taxonomy There are three families in this order – '' Lipothrixviridae'', '' Rudiviridae'' and '' Ungulaviridae''.{{cn, date=November 2022 The virons are filamentous with a helical nucleocapsid. At either end are attached either fibers or more complex structures involved in host adhesion.{{cn, date=November 2022 The major coat proteins of both lipothrixviruses and rudiviruses have an unusual four-helix bundle topology.Goulet A, Blangy S, Redder P, Prangishvili D, Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Forterre P, Campanacci V, Cambillau C (2009) Acidianus filamento ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligamenvirales
''Ligamenvirales'' is an order of linear viruses that infect archaea of the phylum Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota) and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The order was proposed by David Prangishvili and Mart Krupovic in 2012 and subsequently created by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The name is derived from the Latin {{lang, la, ligamen, meaning ''string'' or ''thread''.{{cn, date=November 2022 Taxonomy There are three families in this order – '' Lipothrixviridae'', '' Rudiviridae'' and '' Ungulaviridae''.{{cn, date=November 2022 The virons are filamentous with a helical nucleocapsid. At either end are attached either fibers or more complex structures involved in host adhesion.{{cn, date=November 2022 The major coat proteins of both lipothrixviruses and rudiviruses have an unusual four-helix bundle topology.Goulet A, Blangy S, Redder P, Prangishvili D, Felisberto-Rodrigues C, Forterre P, Campanacci V, Cambillau C (2009) Acidianus filamento ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipothrixviridae
''Lipothrixviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Ligamenvirales''. Thermophilic archaea in the phylum Thermoproteota serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this family, assigned to 4 genera. The genus Janekovic, D., Wunderl S, Holz I, Zillig W, Gierl A, Neumann H (1983) TTV1, TTV2 and TTV3, a family of viruses of the extremely thermophilic anaerobic, sulphur reducing, archaeabacterium Thermoproteus tenax. Mol. Gen. Genet. 19239–19245 Taxonomy The following genera and species are assigned to the family: * '' Alphalipothrixvirus'' ** '' Alphalipothrixvirus SBFV2'' ** '' Alphalipothrixvirus SFV1'' * '' Betalipothrixvirus'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 3'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 6'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 7'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 8'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 9'' ** '' Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus'' * '' Deltalipothrixvirus'' ** '' Acidianus filamentous virus 2'' ** '' Deltalipothrixvirus SBFV3'' The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Prangishvili
David Prangishvili (born 1948) is a virologist, Professor at the Pasteur Institute of Paris, and foremost authority on viruses infecting Archaea. Biography David Prangishvili gained a Master of Science degree in 1971 at Tbilisi State University, Georgia, and a PhD (1977) and Habilitation (1989) from Institute of Molecular Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He pioneered research on Archaea, the third domain of life, in the USSR and in 1986-1991 was a head of the department of Molecular Biology of Archaea at the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi. In 1991-2004 he has worked in Germany, at Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry and at Regensburg University. Since 2004 he is working at the Pasteur Institute of Paris. David Prangishvili received a prize of Council of Ministers of the USSR for Excellence in Science and Technology in 1979. David Prangishvili has been elected Member of thAcademia Europaea(2018), Member of thEuropean Academy of Microbiology(2015), For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tristromaviridae
''Tristromaviridae'' is a family of viruses. Archaea Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaeba ... of the genera '' Thermoproteus'' and '' Pyrobaculum'' serve as natural hosts. ''Tristromaviridae'' is the sole family in the order ''Primavirales''. There are two genera and three species in the family. Taxonomy The following genera and species are assigned to the family: * '' Alphatristromavirus'' ** '' Alphatristromavirus PFV1'' ** '' Alphatristromavirus PFV2'' * '' Betatristromavirus'' ** ''Betatristromavirus TTV1'' Structure Viruses in the genus ''Tristromaviridae'' are enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 38 nm, with a length of 410 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15.9kb in length. The TTV1 virion contains four virus-encoded proteins, TP1- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeal Viruses
An archaeal virus is a virus that infects and replicates in archaea, a domain of unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. Archaeal viruses, like their hosts, are found worldwide, including in extreme environments inhospitable to most life such as acidic hot springs, highly saline bodies of water, and at the bottom of the ocean. They have been also found in the human body. The first known archaeal virus was described in 1974 and since then, a large diversity of archaeal viruses have been discovered, many possessing unique characteristics not found in other viruses. Little is known about their biological processes, such as how they replicate, but they are believed to have many independent origins, some of which likely predate the last archaeal common ancestor (LACA). Much of the diversity observed in archaeal viruses is their morphology. Their complete bodies, called virions, come in many different forms, including being shaped like spindles or lemons, rods, bottles, droplets, and coil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudiviridae
''Rudiviridae'' is a family of viruses with linear double stranded DNA genomes that infect archaea. The viruses of this family are highly thermostable and can act as a template for site-selective and spatially controlled chemical modification. Furthermore, the two strands of the DNA are covalently linked at both ends of the genomes, which have long inverted terminal repeats. These inverted repeat An inverted repeat (or IR) is a single stranded sequence of nucleotides followed downstream by its complementarity (molecular biology), reverse complement. The intervening sequence of nucleotides between the initial sequence and the reverse compleme ...s are an adaptation to stabilize the genome in these extreme environments. Taxonomy The following genera are assigned to the family: * '' Azorudivirus'' * '' Hoswirudivirus'' * '' Icerudivirus'' * '' Itarudivirus'' * '' Japarudivirus'' * '' Mexirudivirus'' * '' Usarudivirus'' References {{Reflist Virus families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of '' Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes invo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermoproteota
The Thermoproteota (also known as crenarchaea) are archaea that have been classified as a phylum of the Archaea domain. Initially, the Thermoproteota were thought to be sulfur-dependent extremophiles but recent studies have identified characteristic Thermoproteota environmental rRNA indicating the organisms may be the most abundant archaea in the marine environment. Originally, they were separated from the other archaea based on rRNA sequences; other physiological features, such as lack of histones, have supported this division, although some crenarchaea were found to have histones. Until recently all cultured Thermoproteota had been thermophilic or hyperthermophilic organisms, some of which have the ability to grow at up to 113 °C. These organisms stain Gram negative and are morphologically diverse, having rod, cocci, filamentous and oddly-shaped cells. ''Sulfolobus'' One of the best characterized members of the Crenarcheota is '' Sulfolobus solfataricus''. This organism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Committee On Taxonomy Of Viruses
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclatures for viruses. The ICTV has developed a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus that affects living organisms. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as delimiting the boundaries of species within a family, typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families. History The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses (ICNV) was established in 1966, at the International Congress for Microbiology in Moscow, to standardize the naming of viruses. The ICVN published its first report in 1971. For viruses infecting vertebrates, the first report included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleocapsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The proteins making up the capsid are called capsid proteins or viral coat proteins (VCP). The capsid and inner genome is called the nucleocapsid. Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either Helix, helical or icosahedral structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. The icosahedral shape, which has 20 equilateral triangular faces, approximates a sphere, while the helical shape resembles the shape of a Spring (device), spring, taking the space of a cylinder but not being a cylinder itself. The capsid faces may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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