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Gibson Les Paul Studio
The Gibson Les Paul Studio is a solid body electric guitar produced by the Gibson Guitar Corporation since 1983. It is a model of Les Paul with some features omitted to appeal to musicians looking for the tonal qualities of the guitar but with less of an emphasis on cosmetics and to reduce the price of the instrument. History Responding to a gap in their model lineup for a lower-priced Les Paul in 1983, Gibson introduced the Studio model. The Studio was designed to attract guitar players who desired traditional Les Paul sound without having to pay for cosmetic features of upscale models. In order to produce a lower-cost Les Paul, features such as body binding, neck binding, and headstock inlays were not available. Additionally, the body was ⅛ to ¼ inch thinner than a standard Les Paul. Initially made of alder from 1983–1985, Gibson moved back to maple top/mahogany body combination after the alder body proved prone to lacquer problems. The name "Studio" comes from the idea that ...
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Gibson Guitar Corporation
Gibson Brands, Inc. (formerly Gibson Guitar Corporation) is an American manufacturer of guitars, other musical instruments, and professional audio equipment from Kalamazoo, Michigan, and now based in Nashville, Tennessee. The company was formerly known as Gibson Guitar Corporation and renamed Gibson Brands, Inc. on June 11, 2013. Orville Gibson started making instruments in 1894 and founded the company in 1902 as the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co. Ltd. in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to make mandolin-family instruments. Gibson invented archtop guitars by constructing the same type of carved, arched tops used on violins. By the 1930s, the company was also making flattop acoustic guitars, as well as one of the first commercially available hollow-body electric guitars, used and popularized by Charlie Christian. In 1944, Gibson was bought by Chicago Musical Instruments (CMI), which was acquired in 1969 by Panama-based conglomerate Ecuadorian Company Limited (ECL), that changed its ...
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Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al Si O( F, OH). It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow orange. Topaz is often treated with heat or radiation to make it a deep blue, reddish-orange, pale green, pink, or purple. Although it is often associated with golden yellow and blue, it comes in a variety of colors, including colorless. The rarest are natural pinks, reds, and delicate golden oranges, sometimes with pink hues. Topaz is a nesosilicate mineral. It is one of the hardest naturally occurring minerals and has a relatively low index of refraction. It occurs in many places in the world. Etymology The name "topaz" is usually believed to be derived (via Old French: Topace and Latin: Topazus) from the Greek ''Τοπάζιος'' (Topázios) or ''Τοπάζιον'' (Topázion), from Τοπα ...
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Nacre
Nacre ( , ), also known as mother of pearl, is an organicinorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as ''flame structure'' as is found in conch pearls. The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Physical characteristics Structure and appearance Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carb ...
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Astronium Lecointei
''Astronium lecointei'' (Portuguese common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ... muiracatiara) is a timber tree, which is native to Brazil. References External links ''Astronium lecointei''photos of wood lecointei Trees of the Amazon Trees of Brazil Taxa named by Adolpho Ducke {{Anacardiaceae-stub ...
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Forest Stewardship Council
The Forest Stewardship Council A. C. (FSC) is an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization established in 1993 that promotes responsible management of the world's forests via timber certification. It is an example of a market-based certification program used as a transnational environmental policy. Purpose The FSC's stated mission is to "promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world's forests". To this end, the body has published a global strategy with five goals: # Advancing globally responsible forest management. # Ensure equitable access to the benefits of FSC systems. # Ensure integrity, credibility and transparency of the FSC system. # Create business value for products from FSC certified forests. # Strengthen the global network to deliver on goals 1 through 4. These goals are promoted, managed, and developed through six program areas: forests, chain of custody, social policy, monitori ...
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Banara
''Banara'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae (formerly in Flacourtiaceae). Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ... as of October 2022: *'' Banara acunae'' *'' Banara arguta'' *'' Banara axilliflora'' *'' Banara boliviana'' *'' Banara brasiliensis'' *'' Banara brittonii'' *'' Banara caymanensis'' *'' Banara cordifolia'' *'' Banara domingensis'' *'' Banara excisa'' *'' Banara glauca'' *'' Banara guianensis'' *'' Banara ibaguensis'' *'' Banara larensis'' *'' Banara leptophylla'' *'' Banara minutiflora'' *'' Banara nitida'' *'' Banara orinocensis'' *'' Banara parviflora'' *'' Banara portoricensis'' *'' Banara quinquenervis'' *'' Banara regia'' *'' Banara riparia'' *'' Banara ri ...
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Peroba
Peroba, paroba, parova, perobeira, perova and peroveira are common names for various tree species in the families: *Apocynaceae *Bignoniaceae Species known by this name have important use in the timber industry, especially the species referred to as peroba rosa ( Aspidosperma peroba). Peroba is also applied to the following species: * Peroba * Peroba-açu * Peroba-amarela * Peroba-amarga * Peroba-amargosa * Peroba-branca *Peroba-brava ('' Clethra laevigata'') *Peroba-café (''Clethra laevigata'') *Peroba-cetim ('' Aspidosperma macrocarpon'') * Peroba-comum (''Aspidosperma polyneuron'') * Peroba-d'água ('' Cestrum toledii'') *Peroba-de-campos ('' Aspidosperma tomentosum'') *Peroba-de-folha-larga ('' Aspidosperma cuspa'') *Peroba-de-goiás * Peroba-de-gomo *Peroba-de-lagoa-santa (''Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon'') *Peroba-de-minas (''Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon'') *Peroba-de-rego ('' Aspidosperma compactinervium'') *Peroba-de-santa-catarina (''Aspidosperma parvifolium ''Aspidospe ...
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Curupay
''Anadenanthera colubrina'' (also known as vilca, huilco, huilca, wilco, willka, curupay, curupau, cebil, or angico) is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or ''Anadenanthera peregrina''. It grows to tall and the trunk is very thorny. The leaves are mimosa-like, up to in length and they fold up at night. In Argentina, ''A. colubrina'' produces flowers from September to December and bean pods from September to July. In Brazil ''A. colubrina'' has been given "high priority" conservation status. Nomenclature ''Anadenanthera colubrina'' is known by many names throughout South America. In Peru it is known as ''willka'' (also spelled ''wilca,'' ''vilca'' and ''huilca'') which in the Quechua languages means "sacred". Geography ''A. colubrina'' is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Cuba, and Mauritius. Natural growing conditions ''A. colubrina'' grows at altitudes of about with roughly per year of precipitation and a mean temperature ...
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Rainforest Alliance
The Rainforest Alliance is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with staff in more than 20 countries and operations in more than 70 countries. It was founded in 1987 by Daniel Katz, an American environmental activist, who serves as the chair of the board of directors. The NGO states that its mission is “to create a more sustainable world by using social and market forces to protect nature and improve the lives of farmers and forest communities.” Its work includes the provision of an environmental certification for sustainability in agriculture. In parallel to its certification program, the Rainforest Alliance develops and implements long-term conservation and community development programs in a number of critically important tropical landscapes where commodity production threatens ecosystem health and the well-being of rural communities. The Rainforest Alliance is a product-oriented multistakeholder governance group combining the interests of companies, farm ...
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