Ghulāt (Arabic: غلاة, lit. 'exaggerators', singular ghālī)[1] is a term used in the theology of Shia Islam
Shia Islam to describe some minority Muslim groups who either ascribe divine characteristics to figures of Islamic history (usually a member of the Ahl al-Bayt) or hold beliefs deemed deviant by mainstream Shi'i theology. In later periods, this term was used to describe any Shi'i group not accepted by the Zaydis, orthodox Twelvers, and sometimes the Isma'ilis.[2] The usage derives from the idea that the importance or the veneration of such a religious figure has been "exaggerated".Contents1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further readingHistory[edit] Traditionally, the first of the ghulāt was Abdullah ibn Saba', who may have denied that Ali
Ali had died and predicting his return (rajʿa), which was considered one form of ghuluww. Some beliefs originally considered deviant have become mainstream
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Ali
Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a member of the Ahl al-Bayt.[3] Shias regard Ali
Ali as the first Imam
Imam and is considered, along with his descendants, to be one of the divinely appointed successors of Muhammad
Muhammad who are claimed by the Shia
Shia the only legitimate religious and political leaders of the Muslim
Muslim community.[4] Although Ali
Ali was regarded, during the lifetime of Muhammad, as his initial successor, it would be 25 years before he was recognized with the title of Caliph
Caliph (successor)
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Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر ʻĪd al-Fiṭr, IPA: [ʕiːd al fitˤr])[2] is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims
Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm). This religious Eid (Muslim religious festival) is the first and only day in the month of Shawwal during which Muslims
Muslims are not permitted to fast. The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan. The day of Eid, therefore, falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal
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Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (Arabic: مُـحَـمَّـد ابْـن عَـبْـد الله ابْـن عَـبْـد الْـمُـطَّـلِـب ابْـن هَـاشِـم) (c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), in short form Muhammad, is considered to be the last Messenger and Prophet of God
God in all the main branches of Islam
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The Alavi Bohras
Alavi Bohras (Arabic: علوي بھرۃ) are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim
Muslim community from Gujarat, India.[2] In India, during the time of the 18th Fatimid
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Sulaymani
Sulaymani Bohras (Sulaymanis) are a Musta‘lī Ismaili
Ismaili community that predominantly reside in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (Najran), Yemen, Pakistan
Pakistan and India
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The Dawoodi Bohras are a sect within the Ismā'īlī
Ismā'īlī branch of Shia Islam.[1][2] Dawoodi mainly reside in the western cities of India
India and also in Pakistan, Yemen
Yemen and East Africa.[3] The main language of the community is "Lisan al-Dawat", a dialect of Gujarati with inclusions from Arabic, Urdu and other languages. The Script used is Perso-Arabic. When in communal attire, a Dawoodi male has a form of tunic called kurta, equally lengthy overcoat dress called saya, and an izaar typically donned underneath, all of which are mostly white, along with a white and golden cap called topi. Most men have a beard
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Bāṭin (Arabic: باطن) literally means "inner", "inward", "hidden", etc. The Quran, for instance, has a hidden meaning in contrast to its exterior or apparent meaning, the Zahir. Sufis believe that every individual has a batin in the world of souls. It is the inward self of the individual; when cleansed with the light of one's spiritual guide, it elevates a person spiritually.[1][2] This notion is connected to Allah's attribute of the Hidden One, who cannot be seen but exists in every realm. Muslim groups believe that batin[3] can be fully understood only by a figure with esoteric knowledge
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Yazid I Umar ibn Sa'ad (686) † Marwan I Abd al-Malik Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad (686) † Husayn ibn Numayr (686) † al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Shemr 686 † A Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr (691) † Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr (690) † Husayn ibn Ali (680) † Abbas ibn Ali (680) † Sulayman ibn Surad (684-685) † al-Mukhtar (685-687) †^A † All the above killed in action Umayyad leaders killed by Alids leader al-Mukhtar during his reign in Kufa, Mosul, Al-Mada'in, Basra Iraq (685-687)v t eSecond FitnaAlid risingsKarbala 'Ayn al-Warda Revolt of al-Mukhtar (Khazir Harura)Ibn al-Zubayr's RevoltAl-Harrah 1st Mecca Marj Rahit Maskin 2nd Meccav t eCivil wars of the early CaliphatesRidda wars First Fitna Second Fitna Revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath Revolt of Yazid b. al-Muhallab Revolt of Harith b
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The First Fitna
First Fitna (Arabic: فتنة مقتل عثمان fitnat maqtal ʿUthmān "strife/sedition of the killing of Uthman") was a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate
Rashidun Caliphate which resulted in the overthrowing of the Rashidun
Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty. It began when the caliph Uthman ibn Affan
Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated by Egyptian rebels in 656 and continued through the four-year reign of Uthman's successor Ali ibn Abi Talib
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Tawhid
Tawhid (Arabic: توحيد tawḥīd, meaning "oneness [of God]” also romanized as tawheed, touheed or tevhid[1]) is the indivisible oneness concept of monotheism in Islam.[2] Tawhid
Tawhid is the religion's central and single-most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire faith rests
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Ḥadīth (/ˈhædɪθ/[1] or /hɑːˈdiːθ/;[2] Arabic: حديث ḥadīth, pl. Aḥādīth, أحاديث, ʼaḥādīth[3], also "Traditions") in Islam
Islam denotes the words, actions, and the silent approval, of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Within Islam
Islam the authority of Ḥadīth as a source for religious law ranks inferior only to the Qur'an
Qur'an — which Muslims hold to be the word of Allah
Allah revealed to his messenger Muhammad
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The Event of Mubahala
Mubahala was a meeting between the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad and a Christian
Christian delegation from Najran
Najran (present-day Yemen), in the month of Dhu'l-Hijja, 10 AH (October 631,[1] October 631-2,[2] October 632-3),[3] where Muhammad
Muhammad invoked a curse attempting to reveal who was lying about their religious differences. The initial effort was to invite the Najrani Christians to Islam and acknowledgement of Muhammad
Muhammad as a prophet. During religious discussions of similarities and differences, the topic of the divinity of ‘Īsā (Arabic: عِـيْـسَى, Jesus) arose.[a][4] The Christians refused to accept Muhammad's teachings about Christ and refused denying their beliefs
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The Hadith
Hadith al-Thaqalayn refers to a saying (hadith) about which translates to "the two weighty things." In this hadith Muhammad referred to the Qur'an
Qur'an and Ahl al-Bayt
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Ahl al-Bayt ("people of the house", Muhammad's family) as the two weighty things. In the context of this Hadith, Muhammad's family refers to Ali ibn Abi Talib, Fatima bint Muhammad, and their children/descendants. This hadith is accepted by both Shia and Sunni Muslims
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The event of Ghadir Khumm
The event of Ghadir Khumm ( Arabic
Arabic and Persian: واقعه غدیر خم) is an event that took place in March 632. While returning from the Hajj pilgrimage, the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad gathered all the Muslims who were with him and gave a long sermon
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Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى, translit. ʿīd al-aḍḥā, lit. 'Feast of the Sacrifice', [ʕiːd ælˈʔɑdˤħæː]), also called the "Sacrifice Feast", is the second of two Islamic holidays
Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year, and considered the holier of the two. It honors the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son, as an act of obedience to God's command. Before Abraham sacrificed his son, God provided a male goat to sacrifice instead. In commemoration of this, an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts: one third of the share is given to the poor and needy; another third is given to relatives, friends and neighbors; and the remaining third is retained by the family. In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah
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