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Estivate
Aestivation ( la, aestas (summer); also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, although taking place in the summer rather than the winter. Aestivation is characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, the hot dry season, which are often the summer months. Invertebrate and vertebrate animals are known to enter this state to avoid damage from high temperatures and the risk of desiccation. Both terrestrial and aquatic animals undergo aestivation. Fossil records suggest that aestivation may have evolved several hundred million years ago. Physiology Organisms that aestivate appear to be in a fairly "light" state of dormancy, as their physiological state can be rapidly reversed, and the organism can quickly return to a normal state. A study done on ''Otala lactea'', a snail native to parts of Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphincterochila Boissieri
''Sphincterochila zonata zonata'' is a subspecies of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Sphincterochilidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Sphincterochila zonata zonata (Bourguignat, 1853). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1259809 on 2022-06-19 This species lives in deserts in Israel and Egypt. ''Helix boissieri'' is the type species of the genus ''Sphincterochila''. The type species was subsequently designated by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1895. It is named after botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier. ''Sphincterochila zonata zonata'' lives in the Negev desert (List of non-marine molluscs of Israel, Israel), and the Sinai desert in the Sinai Peninsula (List of non-marine molluscs of Egypt, Egypt). Shell description Shell is cretaceous, white; consists of five convex whorls and a deflected ultimate whorl. The aperture is thickened, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cernuella
''Cernuella'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cernuella Schlüter, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426368 on 2020-08-04 The native range of the genus is primarily Mediterranean. Some species such as '' Cernuella virgata'' have become significant invasive species, agricultural pests, in parts of Australia. This same species of the genus has been recovered in archaeological excavations from the Roman Empire occupation of Volubilis, an ancient habitation site in present-day Morocco. ''Cernuella'' snails create and use love darts as part of their courtship and mating behavior. Species Species within the genus ''Cernuella'' include: * ''Cernuella aginnica'' (Locard, 1882) * '' Cernuella amanda'' (Rossmässler, 1838) * '' Cernuella aradasii'' (Pirajno, 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theba Pisana On Foeniculum Vulgare, Montbazin, Hérault 03
''Theba'' is a taxonomic genus of air-breathing land snails, medium-sized pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae, the true snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Theba Risso, 1826. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426410 on 2021-05-06 ''Theba'' is the type genus of the tribe Thebini. The genus occurs in the Mediterranean Basin, in the Canary Islands, and in Morocco. Species Species within the genus ''Theba'' include: * '' Theba andalusica'' Gittenberger & Ripken, 1987''Species in genus Theba'' (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 3 May 2009. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achatina
''Achatina'' is a genus of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing, tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Achatina Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818098 on 2014-11-07 Distribution There are some 200 species of Achatinidae in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some species are kept as terrarium animals due to their size and colourful shells. Shell description Snails in this genus have medium to large shells which are ovate in shape and often colourfully streaked. Species Species within the genus ''Achatina'' include: * ''Achatina achatina'' Linnaeus, 1758 or giant African snail, Agate Snail or Ghana Tiger Snail, from Western Africa (Liberia through Nigeria) grows to be the largest land snail on Earth. * ''Achatina ampullacea'' Böttger, 1910 *''Achatina balteata'' Reeve, 1849 - Cameroon to Central Angola. * ''Achatina bandeirana' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annual Review Of Entomology
The ''Annual Review of Entomology'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about entomology, the study of insects. First published in 1956 from a collaboration between the Entomological Society of America and Annual Reviews, its longest-serving editors are Thomas E. Mittler (1967–1997) and May Berenbaum (1998–2018). As of 2022, it has a 2021 impact factor of 22.682. History In 1953, a committee within the Entomological Society of America examined the volume of literature published each year in the field and recommended that a journal be established that published review articles. The Entomological Society approached the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews, which also agreed that there was a need for a review series in entomology. The ''Annual Review of Entomology'' published its first volume in 1956, making it the tenth title published by Annual Reviews. At first, the ESA remained involved with the operation of the journal and confirmed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccinellidae
Coccinellidae () is a widespread family of small beetles ranging in size from . They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in Great Britain. Some entomologists prefer the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles as they are not true bugs. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they are distasteful. The majority of the more than 6,000 described species are generally considered beneficial insects, because many prey on herbivorous hemipterans such as aphids or scale insects, which are agricultural pests. Many coccinellids lay their eggs directly in aphid and scale insect colonies, ensuring their larvae have an immediate food source. However, some species such as the herbivorous Mexican bean beetle are agricultural pests. Etymology The name ''coccinellids'', created by Pierre André Latreille, is derived from the Latin word ''coccineus'' meaning "scarlet". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insecta
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Journal Of Zoology
The ''Australian Journal of Zoology'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by CSIRO Publishing. It covers research on all aspects of zoology, with a special focus on the fauna of Australia. The editor-in-chief is Paul Cooper (Australian National University). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in AGRICOLA, Elsevier Biobase, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, and The Zoological Record. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 1.073. See also *List of zoology journals This is a list of scientific journals which cover the field of zoology. A * '' Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae'' * '' Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae'' * '' Acta Zoologica Bulgarica'' * ''Acta Zoologica Mexicana'' * '' ... References External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagada Tescorum
''Rhagada'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Hadrinae of the family Camaenidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Rhagada Albers, 1860. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818529 on 2021-06-15 Species Species within the genus ''Rhagada'' include: * '' Rhagada abbasi'' Köhler, 2014 * '' Rhagada angulata'' Solem, 1997 * '' Rhagada barrowensis'' M. S. Johnson, Stankowski, Whisson, Teale & Hamilton, 2013 * ''Rhagada basedowana'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Rhagada biggeana'' Köhler, 2011 * '' Rhagada bulgana'' Solem, 1997 * '' Rhagada capensis'' Solem, 1997 * '' Rhagada colona'' (Martens, 1878) * ''Rhagada construa'' Iredale, 1939 * '' Rhagada convicta'' (Cox, 1870) * ''Rhagada crystalla'' Solem, 1985 * '' Rhagada cygna'' Solem, 1997 * ''Rhagada dominica'' Köhler, 2011 * ''Rhagada dringi'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) * ''Rhagada elachystoma'' (Martens, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desiccation Tolerance
Desiccation tolerance refers to the ability of an organism to withstand or endure extreme dryness, or drought-like conditions. Plants and animals living in arid or periodically arid environments such as temporary streams or ponds may face the challenge of desiccation, therefore physiological or behavioral adaptations to withstand these periods are necessary to ensure survival. In particular, insects occupy a wide range of ecologically diverse niches and, so, exhibit a variety of strategies to avoid desiccation. In general, desiccation resistance in insects is measured by the change in mass during dry conditions. The overall mass difference between measurements before and after aridity exposure is attributed to body water loss, as respiratory water loss is generally considered negligible. Desiccation and plants Desiccation tolerant plants include '' Craterostigma plantagineum'', ''Lindernia brevidens'' and ''Ramonda serbica''. Desiccation sensitive plants include members of ''Ara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metabolic Rate
Metabolism (, from el, μεταβολή ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. Metabolic reactions may be categorized as ''catabolic'' – the ''breaking down'' of compounds (for example, of glucose to pyruvate by cel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
