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Cologne Communist Trial
The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international political party established on 1 June 1847 in London, England. The organisation was formed through the merger of the League of the Just, headed by Karl Schapper, and ... who were suspected of having participated in the 1848 uprising. The trial lasted from October 4 to November 12, 1852, and when it was over the Communist League dissolved itself. Seven of the eleven were sentenced to prison terms of up to six years. Principals Defendants * Heinrich Burgers * Hermann Wilhelm Haupt * Abraham Jacobi * Frederick Lessner * Peter Nothjung Other involved parties * Adolph Bermbach See also * '' Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany'' Footnotes External links''Revelations Concerning the Communist Trial in Cologne''by Karl Marx {{Authority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1852 Der Koelner Kommunistenprozess
Year 185 ( CLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lascivius and Atilius (or, less frequently, year 938 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 185 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Nobles of Britain demand that Emperor Commodus rescind all power given to Tigidius Perennis, who is eventually executed. * Publius Helvius Pertinax is made governor of Britain and quells a mutiny of the British Roman legions who wanted him to become emperor. The disgruntled usurpers go on to attempt to assassinate the governor. * Tigidius Perennis, his family and many others are executed for conspiring against Commodus. * Commodus drains Rome's treasury to put on gladiatorial spectacles and confiscates property to suppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the urban region. Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The city's medieval Catholic Cologne Cathedral (), the third-tallest church and tallest cathedral in the world, constructed to house the Shrine of the Three Kings, is a globally recognized landmark and one of the most visited sights and pilgrimage destinations in Europe. The cityscape is further shaped by the Twelve Romanesque churches of Cologne, and Cologne is famous for Eau de Cologne, that has been produced in the city since 1709, and "cologne" has since come to be a generic term. Cologne was founded and established in Germanic Ubii ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Confederation
The German Confederation (german: Deutscher Bund, ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806. The Confederation had only one organ, the Federal Convention (German Confederation), Federal Convention (also Federal Assembly or Confederate Diet). The Convention consisted of the representatives of the member states. The most important issues had to be decided on unanimously. The Convention was presided over by the representative of Austria. This was a formality, however, the Confederation did not have a head of state, since it was not a state. The Confederation, on the one hand, was a strong alliance between its member states because federal law was superior to state law (the decisions of the Federal Convention (German Confederation), Federal Convention were binding for the member states). Additionally, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Its capital was Berlin. The kings of Prussia were from the House of Hohenzollern. Brandenburg-Prussia, predecessor of the kingdom, became a military power under Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, known as "The Great Elector". As a kingdom, Prussia continued its rise to power, especially during the reign of Frederick II, more commonly known as Frederick the Great, who was the third son of Frederick William I.Horn, D. B. "The Youth of Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist League
The Communist League (German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international political party established on 1 June 1847 in London, England. The organisation was formed through the merger of the League of the Just, headed by Karl Schapper, and the Communist Correspondence Committee of Brussels, Belgium, in which Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the dominant personalities. The Communist League is regarded as the first Marxist political party and it was on behalf of this group that Marx and Engels wrote the ''Communist Manifesto'' late in 1847. The Communist League was formally disbanded in November 1852, following the Cologne Communist Trial. Organisational history Background During the decade of the 1840s the word "communist" came into general use to describe those who supposedly hailed from the left wing of the Jacobin Club of the French Revolution.David Fernbach, "Introduction" to Karl Marx, ''The Revolutions of 1848.'' New York: Random House, 1973; pg. 23. This politica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1848 In The German States
In political science, a revolution ( Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic) or political incompetence. Revolutions have occurred throughout human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration, and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy, and socio- political institutions, usually in response to perceived overwhelming autocracy or plutocracy. Scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center on several issues. Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective, but more modern examinations include global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences, including sociology and political science. Several gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Burgers
Heinrich may refer to: People * Heinrich (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Heinrich (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) *Hetty (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) Places * Heinrich (crater), a lunar crater * Heinrich-Hertz-Turm, a telecommunication tower and landmark of Hamburg, Germany Other uses * Heinrich event, a climatic event during the last ice age * Heinrich (card game), a north German card game * Heinrich (farmer), participant in the German TV show a ''Farmer Wants a Wife'' * Heinrich Greif Prize, an award of the former East German government * Heinrich Heine Prize, the name of two different awards * Heinrich Mann Prize, a literary award given by the Berlin Academy of Art * Heinrich Tessenow Medal, an architecture prize established in 1963 * Heinrich Wieland Prize, an annual award in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry and physiology * Heinrich, known as Haida in Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Wilhelm Haupt
Hermann Wilhelm Haupt was born in Germany in 1831. He was a business clerk and became a member of the Communist League. However, he betrayed the other defendants during the Cologne Communist Trial The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international polit ... and was subsequently released by the police during the official investigation.Biographical note contained in the ''Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10'' (International Publishers: New York, 1978) p. 722. References 1831 births German revolutionaries German socialists Year of death missing {{Germany-business-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Jacobi
Abraham Jacobi (6 May 1830 – 10 July 1919) was a German physician and pioneer of pediatrics. He was a key figure in the movement to improve child healthcare and welfare in the United States and opened the first children's clinic in the country. To date, he is the only foreign-born president of the American Medical Association. He helped found the ''American Journal of Obstetrics''. He is regarded as the ''Father of American Pediatrics''. Biography Born in Hartum (now a district of Hille), Westphalia, he was the son of a poor Jewish shopkeeper and his wife, who educated him at great sacrifice. He attended the gymnasium in Minden. After graduating there, he studied medicine at the universities of Greifswald, Göttingen, and Bonn, receiving an MD at Bonn in 1851. Shortly thereafter, Jacobi joined the revolutionary movement in Germany (see Revolution of 1848). He was detained in prisons at Berlin and Cologne in 1851, where he was acquitted as defendant in the Cologne Commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Lessner
Fredrick Lessner (1825–1910) was a German tailor active in the nineteenth century Communist movement. He was a member of the Communist League and participated in the 1848 Revolution. In 1852 he was a defendant in the Cologne Communist Trial The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international polit .... References 1825 births 1910 deaths 19th-century German people 20th-century German people German activists {{Germany-activist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Nothjung
Peter Nothjung (24 July 1821 – 4 October 1866) was a tailor in Cologne, Germany, where he joined the Cologne Workers' Association. Nothjung also became a member of the Communist League. As such, he served as an emissary between the Cologne Workers Association and the Central Authority of the Communist League. Nothjung later was accused by Prussian authorities of traitorous activities and became one of defendants in the "Cologne Communist Trial The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international polit ..." in 1852.Biographical note contained in the ''Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10'', p. 729. References 1821 births 1866 deaths German socialists German revolutionaries {{Germany-activist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolph Bermbach
Adolph Joseph Maria Bermbach (14 December 1822 – 14 March 1875) was a German lawyer and revolutionary who worked in Cologne. Bermbach, a member of the Communist League, was a correspondent of Karl Marx and kept him abreast of anti-communist trials in Cologne after Marx had moved to London. Bermbach also was a witness for the defence at that the Cologne Communist Trial The Cologne Communist Trial took place in 1852 in Cologne, Germany, and was conducted by the Prussian government against eleven members of the Communist League The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international polit ....Biographical note contained in the He studied legal science in Bonn from 1841 to 1844. Later he worked as a notary. References 1822 births 1875 deaths German revolutionaries Members of the Frankfurt Parliament {{Germany-law-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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