List of Chola
Chola kings and emperorsEarly CholasEllalan Kulakkottan Ilamchetchenni Karikala Nedunkilli Nalankilli Killivalavan Kopperuncholan Kochchenganan PerunarkilliInterregnum (c. 200 – c. 848)Medieval CholasVijayalaya 848–891(?)Aditya I 891–907Parantaka I 907–950Gandaraditya 950–957Arinjaya 956–957Sundara (Parantaka II) 957–970Aditya II (co-regent)Uttama 970–985Rajaraja I 985–1014Rajendra I 1012–1044Rajadhiraja 1044–1054Rajendra II 1054–1063Virarajendra 1063–1070Athi
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Coordinates: 2°30′N 112°30′E / 2.500°N 112.500°E / 2.500; 112.500MalaysiaFlagCoat of armsMotto: "Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu"[1] "Unity Is Strength"Anthem: Negaraku My CountryCapital Kuala Lumpur 3°8′N 101°41′E / 3.133°N 101.683°E / 3.133; 101.683 Putrajaya
Putrajaya (administrative) 2°56′35″N 101°41′58″E / 2.9430952°N 101.699373°E / 2.9430952; 101.699373Largest city Kuala Lumpur 3°8′N 101°41′E / 3.133°N 101.683°E / 3.133; 101.683Official languages Malay[2]Official script MalayRecognis
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Shiva
Shiva - ShaktiSadasiva Rudra Bhairava Parvati Durga KaliGanesha Murugan OthersScriptures and textsAgamas and TantrasVedas SvetasvataraTirumurai Shivasutras VachanasPhilosophyThree ComponentsPati Pashu PasamThree bondagesAnava Karma Maya 36 Tattvas YogaPracticesVibhuti Rudraksha Panchakshara Bilva Maha Shivaratri Yamas-Niyamas Guru-Linga-JangamSchoolsAdi MargamPashupata Kalamukha Kapalika <
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The Maldives
Maldives (/ˈmɒldiːvz/ or /ˈmɔːldaɪvz/ ( listen); Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raa'jey), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea. It lies southwest of Sri Lanka and India. The chain of 26 atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll
Atoll in the north to the Addu City
Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the Maldives
Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with around 427,756 inhabitants
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Rajendra may refer to: Rajendra (name), a male given name (including a list of persons with the name) Rajendra (moth), a moth genus Rajendra Radar, a phased array radarThis disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rajendra. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the
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In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages
Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance
Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages
Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire
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An emperor (through Old French
Old French empereor from Latin imperator[1]) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe
Europe the title of Emperor
Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe
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King
King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant,[1] while the title of queen on its own usually refers to the consort of a king.In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the title may refer to tribal kingship. Germanic kingship
Germanic kingship is cognate with Indo-European traditions of tribal rulership (c.f
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Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia. It lies one degree (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south and Peninsular Malaysia to the north. Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 square kilometres or 50 square miles). Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the British East India Company; after the latter's collapse in 1858, the islands were ceded to the British Raj as a crown colony. During the Second World War, Singapore was occupied by Japan
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.svg/200px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_(Common).svg.png "Go To List2 -> Monarchy")
A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to partial and restricted (constitutional monarchy), to completely autocratic (absolute monarchy). Traditionally the monarch's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication. In contrast, elective monarchies require the monarch to be elected.[1] Both types have further variations as there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy. For example, in some[which?] elected monarchies only pedigrees are taken into account for eligibility of the next ruler, whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental capacity, etc
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A few attempts at revival have been reported in Indian and Nepalese newspapers. India: 14,135 Indians claimed Sanskrit
Sanskrit to be their mother tongue in the 2001 Census of India:[2] Nepal: 1,669 Nepalis
Nepalis in 2011
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Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore,[1] is a city in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur
Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian religion, art, and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples, which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among these, the Brihadeeswara Temple, is located in the centre of the city. Thanjavur
Thanjavur is also home to Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. Thanjavur
Thanjavur is the headquarters of the Thanjavur
Thanjavur District. The city is an important agricultural centre located in the Cauvery Delta
Cauvery Delta and is known as the " Rice
Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu"
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Coordinates: 5°S 120°E / 5°S 120°E / -5; 120 Republic
Republic of Indonesia Republik Indonesia (Indonesian)FlagNational emblemMotto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika
Bhinneka Tunggal
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Perunarkilli (Tamil: பெருநற்கிள்ளி) was one of the Tamil king's of the Early Cholas mentioned in Sangam Literature. There are no definite details about this Chola or his reign. The only information available is from the fragmentary poems of Sangam in the Purananuru poems.Contents1 Sources 2 Powerful Monarch 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksSources[edit] The only source available on Perunarkilli is the mentions in Sangam poetry. The period covered by the extant literature of the Sangam is unfortunately not easy to determine with any measure of certainty. Except the longer epics Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai, which by common consent belong to the age later than the Sangam age, the poems have reached us in the forms of systematic anthologies
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Aditya I
Aditya I (c. 870 – c. 907 CE), the son of Vijayalaya, was the Chola king who extended the Chola
Chola dominions by the conquest of the Pallavas and occupied the Western Ganga Kingdom.[1]Contents1 Pallava Civil War 2 Ascendancy 3 Invasion of the Pallava Country 4 The Conquest of Kongu 5 Relations with the Cheras 6 Aditya’s contributions to Temples 7 Death and Succession 8 ReferencesPallava Civil War[edit] During the invasion of the Chola
Chola country, the Pandya king Varagunavarman II became an ally of Nripatunga, the eldest son of the Pallava King Nandivarman III. When Nandivarman died in 869 CE differences arose between Nripatunga and his stepbrother Aparajita, probably owing to the latter’s ambition to rule the kingdom on his own right. Both sides looked for allies
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Parantaka Chola
Chola I (Tamil: முதலாம் பராந்தக சோழன்) (907–955) ruled the Chola kingdom
Chola kingdom in southern India for forty-eight years, annexing Pandya.[1] The best part of his reign was marked by increasing success and prosperity.Contents1 The Invasion of the Pandya
Pandya Kingdom 2 Extent of Parantaka's Influence 3 Civic and Religious Contributions 4 Personal life 5 Inscriptions 6 See also 7 Notes 8 ReferencesThe Invasion of the Pandya
Pandya Kingdom[edit] Parantaka continuing the expansion started by his father, invaded the Pandya
Pandya kingdom in 910. He captured the Pandyan capital Madurai
Madurai and assumed the title Madurain-konda (Capturer of Madurai). The Pandyan ruler Maravarman Rajasinha II sought the help of Kassapa V, the king of Sri Lanka, who sent an army to his aid
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