|
Carnot Efficiency
A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s. By Carnot's theorem, it provides an upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynamic engine during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference through the application of work to the system. In a Carnot cycle, a system or engine transfers energy in the form of heat between two thermal reservoirs at temperatures T_H and T_C (referred to as the hot and cold reservoirs, respectively), and a part of this transferred energy is converted to the work done by the system. The cycle is reversible, and there is no generation of entropy. (In other words, entropy is conserved; entropy is only transferred between the thermal reservoirs and the system without gain or loss of it.) When work is applied to the system, heat moves from the cold to hot reser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermodynamic Cycle
A thermodynamic cycle consists of a linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state. In the process of passing through a cycle, the working fluid (system) may convert heat from a warm source into useful work, and dispose of the remaining heat to a cold sink, thereby acting as a heat engine. Conversely, the cycle may be reversed and use work to move heat from a cold source and transfer it to a warm sink thereby acting as a heat pump. If at every point in the cycle the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, the cycle is reversible. Whether carried out reversible or irreversibly, the net entropy change of the system is zero, as entropy is a state function. During a closed cycle, the system returns to its original thermodynamic state of temperature and pressure. Process quanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle Figure - Step 2
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey Carnot Posey (August 5, 1818 – November 13, 1863) was a Mississippi planter and lawyer, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Bristoe Station. He was transported for care to the Univers ... (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname *Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution *Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot *Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot *Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle2
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname * Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot * Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city *Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *Carnot heat engine, an idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exact Differential
In multivariate calculus, a differential or differential form is said to be exact or perfect (''exact differential''), as contrasted with an inexact differential, if it is equal to the general differential dQ for some differentiable function Q in an orthogonal coordinate system. An exact differential is sometimes also called a ''total differential'', or a ''full differential'', or, in the study of differential geometry, it is termed an exact form. The integral of an exact differential over any integral path is path-independent, and this fact is used to identify state functions in thermodynamics. Overview Definition Even if we work in three dimensions here, the definitions of exact differentials for other dimensions are structurally similar to the three dimensional definition. In three dimensions, a form of the type :A(x,y,z) \,dx + B(x,y,z) \,dy + C(x,y,z) \,dz is called a differential form. This form is called ''exact'' on an open domain D \subset \mathbb^3 in space ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperature–entropy Diagram
In thermodynamics, a temperature–entropy (''T–s'') diagram is a thermodynamic diagram used to visualize changes to temperature () and specific entropy () during a thermodynamic process or cycle as the graph of a curve. It is a useful and common tool, particularly because it helps to visualize the heat transfer during a process. For reversible (ideal) processes, the area under the ''T–s'' curve of a process is the heat transferred to the system during that process. Working fluids are often categorized on the basis of the shape of their ''T–s'' diagram. An isentropic process is depicted as a vertical line on a ''T–s'' diagram, whereas an isothermal process is a horizontal line. See also *Carnot cycle * Pressure–volume diagram *Rankine cycle *Saturation vapor curve *Working fluid *Working fluid selection Heat engines, refrigeration cycles and heat pumps usually involve a fluid to and from which heat is transferred while undergoing a thermodynamic cycle. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle T-S Diagram
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname * Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot * Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city *Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *Carnot heat engine, an idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressure–volume Diagram
A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram, or volume–pressure loop) is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. They are commonly used in thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology. PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams, were developed in the 18th century as tools for understanding the efficiency of steam engines. Description A PV diagram plots the change in pressure ''P'' with respect to volume ''V'' for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume. The figure shows the features of an idealized PV diagram. It shows a series of numbered states (1 through 4). The path between each state consists of some process (A through D) which alters the pressure or volume of the system (or both). A key feature of the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle P-V Diagram
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname * Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot * Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city *Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *Carnot heat engine, an idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle Figure - Step 4
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname * Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot * Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city *Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *Carnot heat engine, an idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnot Cycle Figure - Step 3
Carnot may refer to: People *Carnot Posey (1818–1863), American lawyer and military officer People with the surname * Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), French mathematician and politician of the French Revolution * Louis Carnot (born 2001), French French footballer * Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), French military scientist and physicist; son of Lazare Carnot *Hippolyte Carnot (1801-1888), French politician; son of Lazare Carnot *Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837-1894), French politician; President of France from 1887 to 1894 and son of Hippolyte Carnot * Marie-Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920), French mining engineer and chemist; son of Hippolyte Carnot * Paul Carnot (1869-1957), French physician; son of Marie-Adolphe Carnot *Stéphane Carnot (born 1972), former French footballer Places * Carnot, Central African Republic, a city *Carnot, Wisconsin, United States * Carnot-Moon, Pennsylvania, United States Other uses *Carnot cycle, in thermodynamics *Carnot heat engine, an idealis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
