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Cantref
A cantref ( ; ; plural cantrefi or cantrefs; also rendered as ''cantred'') was a medieval Welsh land division, particularly important in the administration of Welsh law. Description Land in medieval Wales was divided into ''cantrefi'', which were themselves divided into smaller ''cymydau'' (commotes). The word ''cantref'' is derived from ''cant'' ("a hundred") and ''tref'' ("town" in modern Welsh, but formerly used for much smaller settlements). The ''cantref'' is thought to be the original unit, with the commotes being a later division. ''Cantrefi'' could vary considerably in size: most were divided into two or three commotes, but the largest, the ''Cantref Mawr'' (or "Great Cantref") in Ystrad Tywi (now in Carmarthenshire) was divided into seven commotes. History The antiquity of the ''cantrefi'' is demonstrated by the fact that they often mark the boundary between dialects. Some were originally kingdoms in their own right; others may have been artificial units created later. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commote
A commote ( Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ''cym-'' ("together", "with") and the noun ''bod'' ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh ''cymwt''. Medieval Welsh land organisation The basic unit of land was the ''tref'', a small village or settlement. In theory, 100 ''trefi'' made up a ''cantref'' (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ''cantrefi''), and half or a third of a ''cantref'' was a ''cymwd'', although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the ''cantrefi'', commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eginog
A commote ( Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ''cym-'' ("together", "with") and the noun ''bod'' ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh ''cymwt''. Medieval Welsh land organisation The basic unit of land was the ''tref'', a small village or settlement. In theory, 100 ''trefi'' made up a ''cantref'' (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ''cantrefi''), and half or a third of a ''cantref'' was a ''cymwd'', although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the ''cantrefi'', commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantref Bychan
A commote (Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix ''cym-'' ("together", "with") and the noun ''bod'' ("home, abode"). The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh ''cymwt''. Medieval Welsh land organisation The basic unit of land was the ''tref'', a small village or settlement. In theory, 100 ''trefi'' made up a ''cantref'' (literally, "one hundred settlements"; plural: ''cantrefi''), and half or a third of a ''cantref'' was a ''cymwd'', although in practice the actual numbers varied greatly. Together with the ''cantrefi'', commotes were the geographical divisions through which defence and justice were organised. In charge of a commote would be a chieftain probably related to the ruling Prince of the Kingdom. His court would have been s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Gwynedd
The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin: ; Middle Welsh: ) was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. Based in northwest Wales, the rulers of Gwynedd repeatedly rose to dominance and were acclaimed as " King of the Britons" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. The kingdom of Gruffydd ap Llywelynthe King of Wales from 1055 to 1063was shattered by a Saxon invasion in 1063 just prior to the Norman invasion of Wales, but the House of Aberffraw restored by Gruffudd ap Cynan slowly recovered and Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the Principality of Wales at the Aberdyfi gathering of Welsh princes in 1216. In 1277, the Treaty of Aberconwy between Edward I of England and Llewelyn's grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd granted peace between the two but would also guarantee that Welsh self-rule would end upon Llewelyn's death, and so it re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantref Mawr
Cantref Mawr was a cantref in south-west Wales. It was of strategic importance in medieval Wales as the location of the main seat of the princes of Deheubarth at Dinefwr. ''Cantref Mawr'' means "The Great Cantref". Each cantref in medieval Wales was divided into cwmwd A commote ( Welsh ''cwmwd'', sometimes spelt in older documents as ''cymwd'', plural ''cymydau'', less frequently ''cymydoedd'')'' Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru'' (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wal ...au, and a typical cantref would be made up of two or three cwmwd. Cantref Mawr was made up of seven cwmwdau, which made it one of the largest cantrefs in Wales. Cantref Mawr was an upland area, bounded by the rivers Tywi, Teifi and Gwili. The area at this period was covered in dense scrub which caused difficulties for invading armies, so that the Cantref Mawr often provided a secure refuge for the princes of Deheubarth when facing an invasion. References Lloyd, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantref Gwarthaf (Dyfed)
250 px, Location of Cantref Gwarthaf and its commotes (dark green) in southwest Wales Cantref Gwarthaf was the largest of the seven ''cantrefi'' of Dyfed in southwest Wales. It subsequently became part of Deheubarth in around 950. It consisted of the southeastern part of Dyfed containing most of the basin of the River Tâf, parts of modern-day Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire. The name means "upper-most zone". Its area was about . Unlike the other Dyfed ''cantrefi'' which were divided into two (or fewer) commotes, Cantref Gwarthaf was divided into eight commotes: Amgoed, Derllys, Efelfre, {{ill, Elfed (cymwd), lt=Elfed, cy, Elfed (cwmwd), br, Elfed (kombod), Penrhyn, Peuliniog, Talacharn, and Ystlwys. Its civil headquarters were at Carmarthen. Its ecclesiastical centre (and perhaps, in the Age of the Saints, the seat of a bishopWilliams, A. H., ''An Introduction to the History of Wales'': Volume I: ''Prehistoric Times to 1063'', UoWP, 1941, pp 120-121) was probably al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penfro (cantref)
250 px, Location of the cantref of Penfro within ancient Dyfed The Cantref of Penfro was one of the seven cantrefi of the Kingdom of Dyfed. It subsequently became part of Deheubarth in around 950. It consisted of the long peninsular part of Dyfed south of the Eastern Cleddau and the Daugleddau estuary, and bordered on its landward side by Cantref Gwarthaf. The name, meaning "land's end", derives from ''Pen'' ("end", literally "head") and "fro" ("populated area"). Its area was approximately . It was divided into two commotes: Cwmwd Penfro in the southwest and Cwmwd Coedrath in the northeast, as shown in the map. The eastern part of Cwmwd Penfro was sometimes called Cwmwd Maenorbier, and the northern part of Cwmwd Coedrath was sometimes called Cwmwd Arberth, but both these were post-Norman lordships, and were probably not genuine commotes. Its civil headquarters were at Pembroke: Rhoscrowther or Penally might have been its ecclesiastical centre. The cantref was made part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemais (Dyfed Cantref)
200px, Ancient Dyfed showing the cantref of Cemais and its commotes 200px, Pembrokeshire showing the hundred of Cemais Cemais (sometimes spelled ''Kemes'' after one of the several variations found in Medieval orthography) was an ancient cantref of the Kingdom of Dyfed, from the 11th century a Norman Marcher Lordship, from the 16th century a Hundred, and is now part of Pembrokeshire, Wales. It occupied the coastal area between the Teifi estuary and Fishguard, and the northern and southern slopes of the Preseli Hills, covering an area of approximately . The Afon Nyfer divided it into two commotes: Cemais Is Nyfer to the north and Cemais Uwch Nyfer to the south. History Deheubarth Although the area is not mentioned by it, an allegorical poem in the Black Book of Carmarthen has been extrapolated by some writers to conclude that the area must have once been under the rule of , a descendant of whom was later granted land in the nearby Preseli Hills by charter. In this period, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ystrad Tywi
Ystrad Tywi (, ''Valley of the Tywi'') is a region of southwest Wales situated on the banks of the River Tywi and possibly the River Loughor. Although Ystrad Tywi was never a kingdom itself, it was historically a valuable territory and was fought over by the various kings of Dyfed, Deheubarth, Seisyllwg, Gwynedd, Morgannwg and the Normans. History The Ystrad Tywi was part of the Demetae tribe during the Roman era, how it was founded in the post Roman era is unknown, theories suggest either Irish settlement or just land that was deemed worthless by the other Kingdoms until the Kingdom of Dyfed inherited it sometime around the late 5th Century or the early 6th Century by Aergol Lawhir. Around the year 730 Seisyll ap Clydog, king of Ceredigion, captured Ystrad Tywi from Rhain ap Cadwgan, king of Dyfed, and annexed it to his own kingdom. The name Seisyllwg was given to the new enlarged kingdom. As a result, Brycheiniog was once again detached from Dyfed; Ystrad Tywi had previou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhos (south Wales)
The Hundred of Roose (sometimes called Rowse) was a hundred in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It has its origins in the pre- Norman cantref of Rhos and was formalised as a hundred by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Its area was about . The area became an English "plantation" in the 12th century, part of the English-speaking Little England beyond Wales. Etymology The name Roose is derived from the earlier Welsh name ', describing its position nearly surrounded by water. It is bounded to the east by the tidal Western Cleddau, south by Milford Haven and west by St. Brides Bay. ' locally means (among other things) "promontory". The English form is a corruption of the Welsh. The pre- Norman ''Cantref of Rhos'' was a Medieval administrative division, which became the ''Hundred of Roose'' and was formalised by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. History The pre-Norman history of the cantref is uncertain, as is the site of its civil headquarters. It had been popularly assumed that the chie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emlyn
Emlyn was one of the seven cantrefi of Dyfed, an ancient district of Wales, which became part of Deheubarth in around 950. It consisted of the northern part of Dyfed bordering on the River Teifi. Its southern boundary followed the ridge of the line of hills separating the Teifi valley from the valleys of the Tâf and Tywi. Geography The name derives from ''am'' (around, on both sides of) and ''glyn'' (valley), the valley in question being presumably the Cuch. The Cuch valley is the most prominent valley among the low foothills which lie between the Preseli Hills and Cambrian Mountains, and Emlyn is essentially the region north of, and within, the gap between these landforms. As such, it was the first part of Dyfed to face invaders from Ceredigion. Its area was about . It was divided by the River Cuch into the commotes of Emlyn Is Cuch (to the west) and Emlyn Uwch Cuch to the east. Its civil headquarters were divided between Cilgerran in the lower commote and Newcastle Eml ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Gwent
Gwent ( owl, Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk. It existed from the end of Roman rule in Britain in about the 5th century until the Norman invasion of Wales in the 11th century. Along with its neighbour Glywyssing, it seems to have had a great deal of cultural continuity with the earlier Silures, Miranda Aldhouse-Green &al. ''Gwent In Prehistory and Early History: The Gwent County History'', Vol.1. 2004. . keeping their own courts and diocese separate from the rest of Wales until their conquest by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Although it recovered its independence after his death in 1063, Gwent was the first of the Welsh kingdoms to be overrun following the Norman conquest. History Establishment The area has been occupied since the Paleolithic, with Mesolithic finds at Goldcliff and evidence of growing activity throughout the Bronze and Iron Age. Gwent came into being after the Romans had left Britain, and was a successor state draw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
