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Birkeland
Birkeland may refer to: Places *Birkeland, Agder, the administrative centre of Birkenes municipality in Agder county, Norway *Birkeland Church, a church in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway * Birkeland, Vestland, a village in Austevoll municipality in Vestland county, Norway *Birkeland, another name for Tingvatn, the administrative centre of Hægebostad municipality in Agder county, Norway People *Bjarte Birkeland, a Norwegian literary researcher *Eva Birkeland, a Norwegian civil servant * Halvor Birkeland, a Norwegian sailor *Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian Explorer and auroral scientist, after which is named: **Birkeland current, an electric current found in the aurora and space plasmas **Birkeland (lunar crater), a lunar impact crater in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon *Omund Bjørnsen Birkeland, a Norwegian farmer and politician *Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland, a Norwegian bishop *Rasmus Birkeland, a Norwegian sailor * Reidar Birkeland, a Norwegian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristian Birkeland
Kristian Olaf Bernhard Birkeland (13 December 1867 – 15 June 1917) was a Norwegian scientist. He is best remembered for his theories of atmospheric electric currents that elucidated the nature of the aurora borealis. In order to fund his research on the aurorae, he invented the electromagnetic cannon and the Birkeland–Eyde process of fixing nitrogen from the air. Birkeland was nominated for the Nobel Prize seven times. Life and death Birkeland was born in Christiania (Oslo today) to Reinart Birkeland and Ingeborg (née Ege) and wrote his first scientific paper at the age of 18. Birkeland married Ida Charlotte Hammer in May 1905. They had no children and, due to Birkeland's preoccupation with his work, they divorced in 1911. Suffering from severe paranoia due to his use of barbital as a sleeping aid, he died under mysterious circumstances in his room in the Hotel Seiyoken in Tokyo while visiting colleagues at the University of Tokyo. A post-mortem revealed that Birkeland had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland Current
A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere. In the Earth's magnetosphere, the currents are driven by the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field and by bulk motions of plasma through the magnetosphere (convection indirectly driven by the interplanetary environment). The strength of the Birkeland currents changes with activity in the magnetosphere (e.g. during substorms). Small scale variations in the upward current sheets (downward flowing electrons) accelerate magnetospheric electrons which, when they reach the upper atmosphere, create the Auroras Borealis and Australis. In the high latitude ionosphere (or auroral zones), the Birkeland currents close through the region of the auroral electrojet, which flows perpendicular to the local magnetic field in the ionosphere. The Birkeland currents occur in two pairs of fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland Church
Birkeland Church ( no, Birkeland kirke or ) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the Nesttun neighborhood of Fana in the city of Bergen. It is the church for the Birkeland parish which is part of the Fana prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a long church style in 1878 using designs by the architect Giovanni Jacob Harbitz Müller. The church seats about 300 people. The church has a unique tower with an octagonal copper-clad steeple. History The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1306, but it was built before that time. The first church in Birkeland was a wooden stave church that was likely built during the 1200s. That church stood about southeast of the present church. (Today, there is a historical marker with a plaque where the previous church once stood). Shortly before the year 1642, the old church was torn down and replac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland, Agder
Birkeland is the administrative centre of the municipality of Birkenes in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of the river Tovdalselva, across the river from the village of Flakk. The Norwegian National Road 41 runs through the village. The village is located about northeast of the city of Kristiansand and about northwest of the town of Lillesand. The village has a population (2019) of 2,962 and a population density of . The old Lillesand–Flaksvand Line was a railway line that passed through Birkeland, but it was closed in 1953. The newspaper ''Birkenesavisa'' is published in Birkeland. The Southern Norway Folk high school is located in Birkeland and the Birkenes Church is located just south of Birkeland in the small village of Mollestad Mollestad is a village in Birkenes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on both sides of the river Tovdalselva, just south of the municipal centre of Birkeland. The Birkenes Church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omund Bjørnsen Birkeland
Omund Bjørnsen Birkeland (30 April 1786 – 14 April 1862) was a Norwegian farmer and soldier. He served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814. Omund Bjørnsen Birkeland was born on the Birkeland farm in the parish of Undal near the village of Konsmo in Audnedal in Vest-Agder, Norway. He took over the farm from his father in 1808, at a time he was in military service. He served with the Vesterlenske Infantry Regiment (''Vesterlenske infanteriregiment'') which was a division in the Norwegian Army. The soldiers within the unit were recruited from Telemark, Aust-Agder and Rogaland as well as from Vest-Agder. He was married to Asbør Torgiusdotter and the couple had three children. He represented ''Vesterlenske infanteriregiment'' at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814, together with Major Just Henrik Ely. At the Assembly, he supported the position of the union party (''Unionspartiet''). References External links*[htt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland
Peter Hersleb Graah Birkeland (14 January 1807–5 January 1896) was a Norwegian priest in the Church of Norway. He served as Bishop of the Diocese of Bjørgvin from 1864–1880. Early life and family Peter Birkeland was born in the village of Borgund in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. He was the son of Lars Birkeland and Johanne Hellem Baade. He came from a family of ministers. His father was the chaplain at Borgund Church at the time of his birth and his maternal grandfather had also been a priest. In 1821 he went to Bergen Cathedral School and he graduated with a Cand.theol. degree in 1832. In 1836 he married Severine Elise Angell Gram in the Nidaros Cathedral. The couple had nine children, although some died in their youth. Their son Lauritz married Elen Lovise Augusta Kildal, a daughter of Peter Wessel Wind Kildal, niece of Peter Daniel Baade Wind Kildal, and sister of Birger Kildal. Career Peter Birkeland started his professional career as a priest in the Church o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland, Vestland
Birkeland is a village in Austevoll municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located just to the north of the village of Storebø, the municipal centre. Birkeland is included in the urban area of Storebø which has a population (2019) of 1,588. Name The village is named after the old ''Birkeland'' farm (Old Norse: ''Birkiland''). The first element is ''birki'' which means 'birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech-oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 30 ... forest' and the last element is ''land'' which means 'land' or 'farm'. References Villages in Vestland Austevoll {{Vestland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thøger Birkeland
Thøger Birkeland (20 March 1922 – 6 April 2011) was a Danish teacher and writer mostly known for his children's books. Birkeland was born in Kalundborg. The most notable of his works are ''Saftevandsmordet'' (''The Lemonade Murder'') and the stories about ''Krummerne''. Thøger Birkeland received several Danish awards: '' Ministry of Culture's children book prize (Kulturministeriets Børnebogspris)'' (1962), ''Danmarks Skolebibliotekarers Børnebogspris'' (1980), ''Den danske boghandlermedhjælperforenings børnebogspris'' (1981) and together with Bjarne Reuter Bjarne Reuter (born 29 April 1950) is a Danish writer and screenwriter best known for children's and young adult fiction. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birkeland (lunar Crater)
Birkeland is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. This crater is attached to the central waist of the oddly shaped Van de Graaff crater formation, and may partly account for that crater's figure-8 shape. To the southeast is the large walled plain Leibnitz. This crater has not been significantly eroded, and the outer rim is well-defined with a well-terrace Terrace may refer to: Landforms and construction * Fluvial terrace, a natural, flat surface that borders and lies above the floodplain of a stream or river * Terrace, a street suffix * Terrace, the portion of a lot between the public sidewalk a ...d inner walls around much of the interior. The rim has a slight inward bulge along the north where it is attached to the Van de Graaff formation. The interior floor is relatively level, except in the southeast where there is some rough terrain. There is a central peak formation at the midpoint. Satellite craters By convention the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reidar Birkeland
Gustav Reidar Birkeland (19 November 1928 – 19 September 2018) was a Norwegian veterinarian. Life and career Gustav Reidar Birkeland was born in Sauda, and took the ''dr.med.vet.'' degree in 1955. He was a lecturer in surgery at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science from 1959 to 1984, and then professor from 1985 to 1994. He also served as dean there from 1983 to 1988. He holds an honorary degree An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hono ... from Helsinki, bestowed 1995. Birkeland died on 19 September 2018, at the age of 89. References 1928 births 2018 deaths People from Sauda Norwegian veterinarians Academic staff of the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Rectors of the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science {{Norway-academic-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bjarte Birkeland
Bjarte Birkeland (26 December 1920–7 April 2000) was a Norwegian literary researcher. He was born in Fana. In 1950 and 1976 he published works about Olav Duun; in 1962 he took the dr.philos. degree with a thesis about Per Sivle. He edited the Nynorsk periodical ''Syn og Segn'' from 1960 to 1968, and was a professor at the University of Bergen The University of Bergen ( no, Universitetet i Bergen, ) is a research-intensive state university located in Bergen, Norway. As of 2019, the university has over 4,000 employees and 18,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 194 ... from 1969 to 1984. References 1920 births 2000 deaths Norwegian literary historians Academic staff of the University of Bergen Nynorsk-language writers 20th-century Norwegian historians {{Norway-academic-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eva Birkeland
Eva Birkeland (born 10 September 1938) is a Norwegian civil servant. He was born in Oslo and took the cand.oecon. She worked in the secretariat in NAVF from 1965. She was an assistant secretary in Statistics Norway from 1971 to 1972 and 1975 to 1978, then researcher in the Norwegian Employers' Confederation from 1979 to 1983. From 1983 to 1990 she was a deputy under-secretary of state in the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development ( no, Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet) is a Norwegian ministry established in 1948. It is responsible for the housing and building, regional and rural policy, municipal an .... She was the director of the National Insurance Administration from 1991 to 1997, then an adviser in Statistics Norway. References 1938 births Living people Civil servants from Oslo Directors of government agencies of Norway {{Norway-gov-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
