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Bendahara
Bendahara ( Jawi: ) was an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post with candidates selected from the male descendants of the bendahara. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage. Tasks of the bendahara The closest post which is comparable to the post of the vizier as the Malay kingdoms were Islamic kingdoms. As the bendahara was the head of the nobility, the status conferred certain responsibility. The bendahara was the backbone of the Malay Sultanate. For the ancient kingdoms of Malacca and Johor, there were many tasks and responsibilities but the primary ones were: * coronation and installation of the sultan * responsibility of the welfare of the sultan * adviser to the sultan on affairs of the state based on Sharia and Adat (Prevailing norms and values) * responsibility over royal marriages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tun Abdul Majid Of Pahang
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Abdul Majid ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Abbas, (1718–1802) was the 21st Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate, who was believed by historians to be the first Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom that gained effective control over the principality, following the gradual dissolution of the Johor by the end of the 18th century. Bendahara rule in Pahang Little is known about Pahang in the 18th-century except that it formed part of the Johor Sultanate and was established as the seat of power for the bendahara of the sultanate. In the war against the pretender from Siak, Raja Kecil, the chieftains of Pahang supported Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah IV. The Bugis allies that helped restoring Bendahara dynasty rule began dominating Johorean politics shortly after the defeat of Raja Kecil. In the latter half of the century, the Bendahara in Pahang grew tired the Bugis and petitioned both the Dutch and English to help him drive them out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Hang Tuah
Hang Tuah ( Jawi: , from /tuha/ or /toh/ (توه)), according to the semi-historical ''Malay Annals'' (), was a warrior and Laksamana (equivalent to modern-day Admiral) who lived in Malacca during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah in the 15th century. However, there is limited historical evidence for his existence. He was supposedly a great laksamana, or admiral, a diplomat and a silat master. Hang Tuah is the most illustrious warrior figure in Malay literature. He is however, a somewhat controversial figure and there is much in dispute about the factual basis of Hang Tuah's story. Historicity The veracity of Hang Tuah has been the subject of debate of historians for a century. In 2012, historian Khoo Kay Kim noted that there was no historical evidence for Hang Tuah's existence. Since 2016, some historians have suggested that Hang Tuah is referred to in the '' Rekidai Hoan'', an official record from the Ryukyu Islands. The document spans the period from 1424 to 1867 and reco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pahang
{{Infobox political division , name = Pahang , official_name = Pahang Darul Makmur , native_name = , settlement_type = States and federal territories of Malaysia, State , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_alt = , image_caption = , image_flag = Flag of Pahang.svg , flag_size = , flag_alt = Flag of Pahang , image_shield = Coat of arms of Pahang.svg , shield_size = 85px , shield_alt = Coat of arms of Pahang , established_title = , established_date = , established_title1 = Establishment of the sultanate , established_date1 = 1882 , established_title2 = Federated Malay States , established_date2 = 1895 , established_title3 = Japanese occupation of Malaya, Japanese occupation , established_date3 = 1942 , established_title4 = Accession into the {{nowrap, Federation of Malaya , established_date4 = 1948 , established_title5 = Malayan Declarati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tun Perak
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak (Jawi script, Jawi: , died 1498) was the fifth and most famous bendahara, a Malay people, Malay rank similar to a prime minister, of the Sultanate of Malacca. He served under four sultans (Muzaffar Shah of Malacca, Sultan Muzzafar Shah, Mansur Shah of Malacca, Sultan Mansur Shah, Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah and Mahmud Shah of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah) from 1456 to 1498. Early in his life, Perak was a soldier-statesman for Malaccan rulers. Tun Perak was the son of Malacca's first bendahara, Tun Perpatih Besar, Sri Wak Raja Tun Perpatih Besar. In 1445, he was appointed as Malacca's representative in Klang, Malaysia, Klang. After a Ayutthaya Kingdom, Siamese invasion that began in 1445 that lasted until 1446, another Siamese attack occurred in 1456 when Tun Perak was Bendahara. Tun Perak was also instrumental in colonising Pahang, Terengganu, Johor, Riau, Lingga Islands, Lingga, Bengkalis, Great Karimun, Karimon, Rok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Malay Annals
The ''Malay Annals'' ( Malay: ''Sejarah Melayu'', Jawi: ), originally titled ''Sulalatus Salatin'' (''Genealogy of Kings''), is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and destruction of the Malacca Sultanate. The work, composed in the 17th century by court historians, draws from earlier accounts prior to that century, is considered one of the finest literary and historical works in the Malay language. The original text has undergone numerous changes, with the oldest surviving version from 1612, through the rewriting effort commissioned by the then regent of Johor, Raja Abdullah. It was originally written in Classical Malay on traditional paper in old Jawi script, but today exists in 32 different manuscripts, including those in Rumi script. Notwithstanding some of its mystical contents, historians have looked at the text as a primary source of information on past events verifiable by other historical sources, in the Malay world. In 2001, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Flag Of Pahang (1853 - 1887)
The flag and the coat of arms of Pahang are state symbols of Pahang, Malaysia. While adopting simpler design on its flag and arms, the state symbols remain representative towards its administration, monarchy, and economy. In addition, its arms includes elements related to local superstitions. Flag Design The current flag of Pahang was adopted in 1903. It consists of a simple horizontal bicolour flag with equally proportionate bands of white on the upper half and black on the lower half. The black represents the official colour of the ''bendahara'', which was once the administrator of the state, while the white represents the Sultan of Pahang; the white over the black symbolises Pahang as a sovereign state with a royal monarch, as well as its presence of special privileges, laws, customs and codes of conduct, and specific rights of the Sultan. Historical variants As a formerly independent state under the Federated Malay States, Pahang adopted a naval jack or ensign for use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pahang Civil War
The Pahang Civil War ( Malay: ''Perang Saudara Pahang'', Jawi: ڤرڠ ساودارا ڤهڠ), also known as the Brothers War or the Bendahara War was a civil war fought from 1857 to 1863, between forces loyal to the reigning Raja Bendahara Tun Mutahir, and forces loyal to his brother Wan Ahmad, over the succession to the throne of Pahang. When the Johor Empire waned in the early nineteenth century, the Bendahara in Pahang, Tun Ali, asserted his autonomy in Pahang, just as the Temenggong had in the state of Johor. Peace and prosperity reigned in Pahang under his rule which lasted until 1857. After his death that year, his eldest son, Tun Mutahir, succeeded him as Bendahara, but did not execute his father's wish of granting tax revenues of Kuantan and Endau provinces to his younger brother, Wan Ahmad. Wan Ahmad resented and, along with his supporters, moved to Tekong Island just outside Singapore, planning his attack. Tun Mutahir received the backing of Johor ruler Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sultanate Of Johor
The Johor Sultanate ( or ; also called the Sultanate of Johor, Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga, or the Johor Empire) was founded by Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah of Malacca, Mahmud Shah's son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor, Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528. Prior to being a sultanate of its own right, Johor had been part of the Malacca Sultanate, Malaccan Sultanate before the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Capture of Malacca (1511), captured its capital in 1511. At its height, the sultanate controlled territory in what is now modern-day Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, territories stretching from the rivers of Klang River, Klang to the Linggi River, Linggi and Tanjung Tuan, situated respectively in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca (as an exclave), Singapore, Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, the Karimun Regency, Karimun Islands, the islands of Bintan, Bulang, Lingga Islands, Lingga and Bunguran Islands, Bunguran, and Bengkalis, Kampar Regency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tun Mutahir Of Malacca
Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Mutahir (died 1510) was a famous Bendahara of the Malaccan Sultanate. Of Tamil Muslim ancestry, he was the seventh Bendahara, a post equivalent to a prime minister. Prior to holding the post of Bendahara, he also held the post of Temenggung. He was also an influential Tamil Muslim leader in Malacca who elected Tamil Muslims to important posts in the Malaccan government. Raja Mudaliar, after learning that a legal opponent had bribed the bendahara into siding with him, employed the assistance of Laksamana Khoja Hassan to spread rumors claiming that Tun Mutahir was scheming to take over the throne. The Sultan then ordered the execution of Mutahir's family with the exception of Tun Fatimah, Mutahir's daughter whom the sultan desired to marry. Upon realising his mistake, Sultan Mahmud abdicated in favour of his son, Sultan Ahmad Shah. References External links *Ahmad Fauzi bin Mohd Basri, Mohd Fo'ad bin Sakdan and Azami bin Man, 2004. ''Sejar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Johor Sultanate
The Johor Sultanate ( or ; also called the Sultanate of Johor, Johor-Pahang-Riau-Lingga, or the Johor Empire) was founded by Sultan of Malacca Mahmud Shah of Malacca, Mahmud Shah's son, Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor, Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528. Prior to being a sultanate of its own right, Johor had been part of the Malacca Sultanate, Malaccan Sultanate before the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Capture of Malacca (1511), captured its capital in 1511. At its height, the sultanate controlled territory in what is now modern-day Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, territories stretching from the rivers of Klang River, Klang to the Linggi River, Linggi and Tanjung Tuan, situated respectively in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca (as an exclave), Singapore, Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, the Karimun Regency, Karimun Islands, the islands of Bintan, Bulang, Lingga Islands, Lingga and Bunguran Islands, Bunguran, and Bengkalis, Kampar Regency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Tun Muhammad Of Pahang
Sri Paduka Dato' Bendahara Sri Maharaja Tun Muhammad ibni Almarhum Dato' Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Abdul Majid (died 1803) was the 22nd Bendahara of the Johor Sultanate and also the second Raja Bendahara of the Pahang Kingdom, reigning from 1802 to 1803. Born as Engku Sentul, he was the second son of Bendahara Tun Abdul Majid, who he succeeded on his death in 1802. During the reign of his father, Tun Muhammad settled at Chenor. When the news of the murder of his brother, Tun Abdul Mutalib, reached him, he hurried to Pekan with his troops. At Pekan, he found that the murderer, Temenggong Abdul Jamal had left for Riau. In spite of his father's attempt to restrain him, he followed the Temenggong. On his arrival at Riau, he found that Abdul Jamal was dead. Tun Muhammad decided to settle at Riau, and when his father died in 1802, the Sultan installed him as the next bendahara. Tun Muhammad then set sail for Pahang in 1803. While he was crossing from Tioman Island to Endau Endau is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mahmud Shah II
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II (; d. February 1413), also known as Nasiruddin Mohammad Shah, was the last sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. History War of succession with Nusrat Shah Nasiruddin Mahmud was a son of sultan Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 31 August 1390 to 20 January 1394. Upon his death, his older son Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah became sultan, but he soon died of illness on 8 March 1394, and his younger brother Nasiruddin Mahmud succeeded him. However, the succession was challenged by his relative Nusrat Shah (also known as Nasrat Khan), triggering a war of succession that lasted for three years from 1394 until 1397. During this time, Nasiruddin Mahmud ruled from the city of Delhi, while Nusrat Shah ruled from Firozabad. Invasion of Timur During Nasiruddin Mahmud's reign in 1398, Timur the Chagatai ruler invaded India. They clashed in a decisive battle near Delhi. Timur eventually won and entered th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
