was a after ''
Meitoku
Meitoku (明徳) was a Japanese era name (年号 ''nengō'', "year name") of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after '' Kōō'' and before ''Ōei''. This period spanned the years from March 1390 to July 1394. After ...
'' and before ''
Shōchō
was a after ''Ōei'' and before ''Eikyō'', from April 1428 until September 1429. Reigning emperors were and .
Change of era
* 1428 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenc ...
''. This period spanned the years from July 1394 through April 1428. Reigning emperors were and .
Change of era
* 1394 : The new era name was created because of plague. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Meitoku'' 5, the 5th day of the 7th month.
Events of the ''Ōei'' era
* 1394 (''Ōei 1''): Yoshimitsu officially cedes his position to his son;
* 1396 (''Ōei 3''): Imagawa Sadayo dismissed.
[Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 329.]
* 1397 (''Ōei 4''): Uprising in Kyūshū suppressed.
[Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron"'', p. 330.]
* May 13, 1397 (''Ōei 4, 16th day of the 4th month''): Construction begun on ''
Kinkaku-ji
, officially named , is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. It is one of the most popular buildings in Kyoto, attracting many visitors annually.Bornoff, Nicholas (2000). ''The National Geographic Traveler: Japan''. National Geographic Socie ...
''.
[Titsingh]
p. 322.
/ref>
* 1397 (''Ōei 4, 8th month''): an Imperial ambassador is dispatched from Emperor Go-Komatsu to the court of the Hongwu Emperor of China.Taejong of Joseon
Taejong of Joseon (13 June 1367 – 8 June 1422), personal name Yi Bang-won (Korean: 이방원; Hanja: 李芳遠), was the third ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea and the father of King Sejong the Great. Before ascending to the throne, he wa ...
, a diplomatic mission was sent to Japan. Pak Tong-chi Bak Don-ji () was a Korean scholar-bureaucrat, diplomat and ambassador, representing Joseon interests in the '' tongsinsa'' (diplomatic mission) to the Ashikaga shogunate (''Muromachi bafuku'') in Japan.Kang, Etsuko H. (1997)''Diplomacy and Ideology ...
and his retinue arrived in Kyoto. ''Shōgun'' Yoshimochi presented the envoy with a formal diplomatic letter; and presents were given for the envoy to convey to the Joseon court.
* 1398 (''Ōei 5'') Muromachi administration organized.Ōuchi Yoshihiro
, also known as Ouchi ''Sakyo-no-Tayu,'' was a Muromachi period samurai clan head and military leader.
Yoshirio was the second son of Ōuchi Hiroyo, and a member of the Ōuchi clan which served under Ashikaga Takauji. The Ōuchi became known a ...
raises an army against ''shōgun
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...
'' Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
was the third '' shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate, ruling from 1368 to 1394 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshimitsu was Ashikaga Yoshiakira's third son but the oldest son to survive, his childhood name being Haruō (). Yoshimitsu ...
; and the Ashikaga forces prevail against this opposition.
* 1399 (''Ōei 6''): Ōuchi Yoshihiro
, also known as Ouchi ''Sakyo-no-Tayu,'' was a Muromachi period samurai clan head and military leader.
Yoshirio was the second son of Ōuchi Hiroyo, and a member of the Ōuchi clan which served under Ashikaga Takauji. The Ōuchi became known a ...
and Ashikaga Mitsukane
(1378–1409) was a Nanboku-chō period warrior, and the Kamakura-fu's third Kantō kubō, (''Shōgun'' Deputy). Being the eldest son, he succeeded his father Ujimitsu in 1398 at the age of 21 when he died during an epidemic. Like his father, ...
rebel—Ōei War.[Titsingh]
p. 323.
/ref>
* 1401 (''Ōei 8''): Yoshimitsu sends a diplomatic mission to the court of the Jianwen Emperor
The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377 – ?), personal name Zhu Yunwen (), was the second Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1398 to 1402. The era name of his reign, Jianwen, means "establishing civility" and represented a sharp chan ...
of China as a tentative first step in re-initiating trade between Japan and Ming
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han peop ...
China. The letter conveyed to the Emperor of China was accompanied by a gift of 1000 ounces of gold and diverse objects.Jianwen Emperor
The Jianwen Emperor (5 December 1377 – ?), personal name Zhu Yunwen (), was the second Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1398 to 1402. The era name of his reign, Jianwen, means "establishing civility" and represented a sharp chan ...
of China was received by Yoshimitsu; and this formal communication mistakenly accords the title "king of Japan" to the Japanese ''shōgun''.[Titsingh]
p. 324.
/ref>
* 1402 (''Ōei 9''): Uprising in Mutsu suppressed.[Titsingh]
p. 325.
/ref>
* 1409 (''Ōei 16''): Ashikaga Mochiuji
Ashikaga Mochiuji (, 1398–1439) was the Kamakura-fu's fourth Kantō kubō during the Sengoku period (15th century) in Japan. During his long and troubled rule the relationship between the west and the east of the country reached an all-time lo ...
becomes Kantō kubō
(also called , , or ) was a title equivalent to ''shōgun'' assumed by Ashikaga Motouji after his nomination to ''Kantō kanrei'', or deputy shōgun for the Kamakura-fu, in 1349.Kokushi Daijiten (1983:542) Motouji transferred his original title t ...
.[Sansom, George. (1961)]
''A History of Japan, 1334-1615'', p. 142.
/ref>
* 1412 (''Ōei 19''): Emperor Shōkō
was the 101st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')称光天皇 (101) retrieved 2013-8-28. His reign spanned the years from 1412 through 1428.
Genealogy
His personal name w ...
was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father, Emperor Go-Komatsu
was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')後小松天皇 (100) retrieved 2013-8-28. and the sixth and final Emperor of the Northern Court.
He is officially cons ...
. His actual coronation date was two years later. Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the daïri; but Go-Komatsu, as a Cloistered Emperor
A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to .
Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...
still retained direction of the court and the ''shōgun'' was charged with the general superintendence of affairs until his death at age 57 in 1433.
* 1413 (''Ōei 20''): ''Shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshimochi
was the fourth ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1394 to 1423 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshimochi was the son of the third ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).
Succession and rule
In 1394, ...
fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the Ise Shrine
The , located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu. Officially known simply as , Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, and .
The Inner ...
to pray for the return of his health.
* 1413 (''Ōei 20''): Emperor Go-Komatsu
was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')後小松天皇 (100) retrieved 2013-8-28. and the sixth and final Emperor of the Northern Court.
He is officially cons ...
abdicates; Emperor Shōkō
was the 101st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')称光天皇 (101) retrieved 2013-8-28. His reign spanned the years from 1412 through 1428.
Genealogy
His personal name w ...
ascends throne in repudiation of agreement; renewed hostility between shogunate and supporters of Southern Court.Uesugi Zenshū
, also known as Uesugi Ujinori, was the chief advisor to Ashikaga Mochiuji, an enemy of the Ashikaga shogunate in feudal Japan. When he was rebuked by Mochiuji in 1415, and forced to resign, Zenshū organized a rebellion.
Zenshū received aid f ...
(Kanrei
or, more rarely, ''kanryō'', was a high political post in feudal Japan; it is usually translated as ''shōguns deputy''. After 1349, there were actually two ''Kanrei'', the ''Kyoto Kanrei'' and the ''Kantō Kanrei''.
Originally, from 1219 until ...
).Mount Fuji
, or Fugaku, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, with a summit elevation of . It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest p ...
in Suruga Province
was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka Prefecture. Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and was bordered by the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay to the south. Its abbrevia ...
is ordered by Ashikaga Yoshimochi.
* July 18, 1419 (''Ōei 26, 26th day of the 6th month''): was a Joseon
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
military action in Tsushima Province (Tsushima Island
is an island of the Japanese archipelago situated in-between the Tsushima Strait and Korea Strait, approximately halfway between Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula. The main island of Tsushima, once a single island, was divided into two in 1671 by ...
). The Joseon military forces were focused on the pirates ('' wakō'') which had established bases from which to raid the coastline of the Korean peninsula. More than 200 ships and 17,000 fighting men took part in this military expedition.
* 1420 (''Ōei 27''): Serious famine with great loss of life.Ashikaga Yoshikatsu
was the seventh '' shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1442 to 1443 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshikatsu was the son of 6th '' shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshinori with his concubine, Hino Shigeko (1411–1463). His child ...
, who is 17 years old.
* 1424 (''Ōei 31''): Go-Kameyama dies.[Titsingh]
p. 330.
/ref>
* 1425 (''Ōei 32''): After Yoshikazu dies, Yoshimochi resumes the responsibilities of office.
Notes
References
* Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). ''Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century''. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. ;
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retirem ...
.
OCLC 48943301
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan''. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society
OCLC 194887
* ____________. (1962).
''Studies in Shinto and Shrines''.
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society
OCLC 3994492
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
, ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings.
According to the 1871 edition of the ''American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...
''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
External links
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oei
Japanese eras
1390s in Japan
1400s in Japan
1410s in Japan
1420s in Japan