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The zygomatic processes are three
processes A process is a series or set of activities that interact to produce a result; it may occur once-only or be recurrent or periodic. Things called a process include: Business and management *Business process, activities that produce a specific se ...
(protrusions) from other
bone A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, ...
s of the
skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, th ...
which each articulate with the
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
. The three processes are: * Zygomatic process of frontal bone from the
frontal bone The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull. The bone consists of two portions.'' Gray's Anatomy'' (1918) These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bony part of the forehead, ...
* Zygomatic process of maxilla from the
maxilla The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. T ...
(malar process) * Zygomatic process of temporal bone from the
temporal bone The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples, and house the structures of the ears. ...
The term ''zygomatic'' derives from the Greek ''Ζυγόμα'', ''zygoma'', meaning "yoke". The zygomatic process is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the
zygomatic arch In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygo ...
.


Zygomatic process of frontal bone

The supraorbital margin of the
frontal bone The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull. The bone consists of two portions.'' Gray's Anatomy'' (1918) These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bony part of the forehead, ...
ends laterally in its zygomatic process, which is strong and prominent, and articulates with the
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
. The zygomatic process of the frontal bone extends from the frontal bone laterally and inferiorly.


Zygomatic process of maxilla

The zygomatic process of the maxillaGoogle Books: zygomatic process of the maxilla
''Exercises in Oral Radiology and Interpretation – E-Book'' (Elsevier Health Sciences, Dec 12, 2003, by Robert P. Langlais) – Retrieved 2018-08-26 (malar process) is a rough triangular eminence, situated at the angle of separation of the anterior, zygomatic, and orbital surfaces. * ''In front'' it forms part of the anterior surface. * ''Behind'' it is concave, and forms part of the infratemporal fossa. * ''Above'' it is rough and serrated for articulation with the
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
. * ''Below'' it presents the prominent arched border which marks the division between the anterior and infratemporal surfaces.


Zygomatic process of temporal bone

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the
temporal bone The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. The temporal bones are overlaid by the sides of the head known as the temples, and house the structures of the ears. ...
. It articulates with the
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward. The superior border is long, thin, and sharp, and serves for the attachment of the
temporal fascia The temporal fascia covers the temporalis muscle. It is a strong, fibrous investment, covered, laterally, by the auricularis anterior and superior, by the galea aponeurotica, and by part of the orbicularis oculi. The superficial temporal vesse ...
. The inferior border, short, thick, and arched, has attached to it some fibers of the
masseter In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. Found only in mammals, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. The most obvious muscle of mastication is the masseter muscle, since it ...
. The lateral surface is convex and subcutaneous. The medial surface is concave, and affords attachment to the masseter. The anterior end is deeply serrated and articulates with the
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
. The posterior end is connected to the squama by two roots, the anterior and posterior roots: * The posterior root, a prolongation of the upper border, is strongly marked; it runs backward above the
external auditory meatus The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about in length and in diameter. Str ...
. * The anterior root, continuous with the lower border, is short but broad and strong; it is directed medialward and ends in a rounded eminence, the
articular tubercle The articular tubercle (eminentia articularis) is a bony eminence on the temporal bone in the skull. It is a rounded eminence of the anterior root of the posterior end of the outer surface of the squama temporalis. This tubercle forms the front bou ...
(eminentia articularis).


Processes of the zygomatic bone

The
zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
itself has four processes, namely the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary and temporal processes. The ''frontosphenoidal process'' is thick and serrated. The
cranial suture In anatomy, fibrous joints are joints connected by fibrous tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones ar ...
between the frontal and zygomatic bone is found here. On its orbital surface, just within the orbital margin and about 11 mm below the zygomaticofrontal suture is a tubercle of varying size and form, but present in 95 per cent of skulls (Whitnall 43). This tubercle is not seen in the picture. The ''
orbital process In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from grc, ζῠγόν, zugón, yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is s ...
'' is a thick, strong plate, projecting backward and medialward from the orbital margin. It is the gloomy area beneath the lac(rimal) and ethmoidal bones in the image. The ''maxillary process'' presents a rough, triangular surface which articulates with the maxilla. It is the area below "zygomatic" in the image. The ''temporal process'', long, narrow, and serrated, articulates with the
zygomatic process of the temporal The zygomatic processes are three processes (protrusions) from other bones of the skull which each articulate with the zygomatic bone. The three processes are: * Zygomatic process of frontal bone from the frontal bone * Zygomatic process of ma ...
. It is the process to the right of "zygomatic" in the image.


Additional images

File:Gray134.png, Frontal bone: outer surface File:Slide4fen.JPG, Zygomatic process of frontal bone File:Zygomatic process of maxilla - animation01.gif, Zygomatic process of maxilla File:Zygomatic process of temporal bone - animation02.gif, Zygomatic process of the temporal bone


See also

*
Zygomatic arch In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygo ...
* Zygomatic complex fracture


References


External links


Photo – look for #6
* * – "Osteology of the Skull: The Maxilla" {{Authority control Skull Bones of the head and neck