The

Standard Chinese Standard Chinese ()—in linguistics Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin, in common speech simply Mandarin, better qualified as Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin Chinese—is a modern standa ...

word ''xuanchuan'' "dissemination; propaganda; publicity" originally meant "to announce or convey information" during the 3rd-century

Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the West ...

period, and was chosen to translate Russian ''propagánda'' in the 20th-century

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

, adopting the Marxist-Leninist concept of a " transmission belt" for indoctrination and mass mobilization. ''Xuanchuan'' is the keyword for propaganda in the People's Republic of China and

propaganda in the Republic of China Propaganda in the Republic of China refers to propaganda used by the Republic of China government and has been an important tool since its inception in 1912. The term '' xuanchuan'' ( "propaganda; publicity") can have either a neutral connotat ...

Terminology

The Chinese term ''xuanchuan'' compounds ''xuan'' "declare; proclaim; announce" and ''chuan'' or "pass (on); hand down; impart; teach; spread; infect; be contagious". Numerous common Chinese words are based upon ''xuanchuan'', such as: ''xuānchuánpǐn'' 宣傳品 "propaganda/publicity material", ''xuānchuánduì'' 宣傳隊 "propaganda team", ''xuānchuánhuà'' 宣傳畫 " propaganda poster", ''xuānchuándān'' 宣傳單 "propaganda slips/sheets", ''xuānchuángǔdòng'' 宣傳鼓動 "

agitprop Agitprop (; from rus, агитпроп, r=agitpróp, portmanteau of ''agitatsiya'', "agitation" and ''propaganda'', " propaganda") refers to an intentional, vigorous promulgation of ideas. The term originated in Soviet Russia where it referred ...

", and ''xuānchuán diànyǐng'' 宣傳電影 "

propaganda film A propaganda film is a film that involves some form of propaganda. Propaganda films spread and promote certain ideas that are usually religious, political, or cultural in nature. A propaganda film is made with the intent that the viewer will ad ...

". In lexicographic terminology, a

bilingual dictionary A bilingual dictionary or translation dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or phrases from one language to another. Bilingual dictionaries can be ''unidirectional'', meaning that they list the meanings of words of one lan ...

provides " translation equivalents" (rather than "definitions") between the

source Source may refer to: Research * Historical document * Historical source * Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence * Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...

and target languages. Sometimes words have complete equivalents, such as translating French '' chien'' as English '' dog''; but other times have partial or alternative equivalents, such as translating French ''

veau Veau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Francesco Veau (1727–1768), Italian Baroque painter * Guillaume Veau, 13th-century French trouvère {{Short pages monitor