Volost ( rus, во́лость, p=ˈvoləsʲtʲ; ) was a traditional administrative subdivision in
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, whi ...
.
In earlier
East Slavic history, ''
volost'' was a name for the territory ruled by the
knyaz
, or ( Old Church Slavonic: Кнѧзь) is a historical Slavic title, used both as a royal and noble title in different times of history and different ancient Slavic lands. It is usually translated into English as prince or duke, dependi ...
, a principality; either as an absolute ruler or with varying degree of autonomy from the ''Velikiy Knyaz'' (
Grand Prince). Starting from the end of the 14th century, ''volost'' was a unit of administrative division in
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was Partitions of Poland, partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire, Habsburg Empire of ...
,
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
,
Muscovy, lands of modern Latvia and Ukraine. Since about the 16th century it was a part of provincial
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...
s that were called "
uezd" in Muscovy and the later
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
. Each uezd had several volosts that were subordinated to the uezd city.
After the abolition of
Russian serfdom
The term '' serf'', in the sense of an unfree peasant of tsarist Russia, is the usual English-language translation of () which meant an unfree person who, unlike a slave, historically could be sold only with the land to which they were "att ...
in 1861, ''volost'' became a unit of
peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasa ...
's local
self-rule. A number of
mirs are united into a volost, which has an assembly consisting of elected delegates from the mirs. These elect an elder (''
starshina'') and, hitherto, a court of justice (''volostnoy sud''). The
self-government of the mirs and volosts was, however, tempered by the authority of the police commissaries (''
stanovoi
The Stanovoy Range (russian: Станово́й хребе́т, ''Stanovoy khrebet''; sah, Сир кура; ), is a mountain range located in the Sakha Republic and Amur Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District. It is also known as Sükebayatur ...
'') and by the power of general oversight given to the nominated "district committees for the affairs of the peasants".
Volosts were abolished by the
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
administrative reform of 1923–1929.
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
s may be roughly called a modern equivalent of both volosts and uezds.
Administration
Volosts were governed by volost administration (, ''volostnoye pravleniye''), which consisted of the electable chief of volost (''volostnoy
starshina''), chiefs of villages (village ''
starostas'') and other officials electable by the Volost Assembly (волостной сход, ''volostnoy skhod'').
['']Large Encyclopedic Dictionary
Large means of great size.
Large may also refer to:
Mathematics
* Arbitrarily large, a phrase in mathematics
* Large cardinal, a property of certain transfinite numbers
* Large category, a category with a proper class of objects and morphisms ...
,'' vol. 1, Moscow, 1991
Volost Court was the
court
A court is any person or institution, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in acco ...
electable by the Volost Assembly, which could handle smaller civil and criminal cases. It could sentence people to
corporal punishment,
fine or short-term
incarceration
Imprisonment is the restraint of a person's liberty, for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is " false imprisonment". Imprisonment does not necessar ...
.
[
]
Russian Federation
In modern Russia, the term has a different meaning. The subdivision into volosts is used in the Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia (russian: Респу́блика Каре́лия, Respublika Kareliya; ; krl, Karjalan tašavalta; ; fi, Karjalan tasavalta; vep, Karjalan Tazovaldkund, Ludic: ''Kard’alan tazavald''), also known as just Karelia (ru ...
, where volosts have the same status as raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
s, and in Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...
, Samara, and Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is part of the Central Federal District, covering ...
s, where volosts are considered subdivisions of raions and have the same status as selsovets in other Russian federal subjects.
See also
* Veps National Volost within the Russian Republic of Karelia
Notes
{{Authority control
Types of administrative division
Former subdivisions of Belarus
Local government in the Russian Empire
Russian-language designations of territorial entities