vitamin D analogues
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The active natural hormonal form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). This molecule and other naturally occurring forms of vitamin D, including its precursors and metabolites, have been modified to synthesize
pharmaceuticals A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and r ...
with potentially greater, or selective, therapeutic actions.


Types

These include: *
Alfacalcidol Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive. Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone levels than calcitriol, howev ...
* Calcipotriol (calcipotriene) *
Doxercalciferol Doxercalciferol (or 1-hydroxyergocalciferol, trade name Hectorol) is drug for secondary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease. It is a synthetic analog of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). It suppresses parathyroid synthesis and secretio ...
*
Falecalcitriol Falecalcitriol (INN) is an analog of calcitriol Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. It is a hormone which binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in ...
* Paricalcitol *
Tacalcitol Tacalcitol (1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is a synthetic vitamin D3 analog. Tacalcitol is marketed under several names, including Curatoderm and Bonalfa. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Mechanism Tacalcitol re ...


Mechanisms

These modified vitamin D analogues have side chain or other modifications. They aim to reduce the classical renal and intestinal effects of calcitriol on
calcium Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar ...
and phosphate homeostasis, from its effects on other biologic processes. They target
cell proliferation Cell proliferation is the process by which ''a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells''. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation re ...
and differentiation, especially in skin, or other effects in the parathyroid gland (secondary
hyperparathyroidism Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism) ...
) or bone cells.


References

{{Vitamin D receptor modulators Drugs Vitamin D