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turbomachinery Turbomachinery, in mechanical engineering, describes machines that transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid, including both turbines and compressors. While a turbine transfers energy from a fluid to a rotor, a compressor transfers energy ...
, a velocity triangle or a velocity diagram is a triangle representing the various components of velocities of the
working fluid For fluid power, a working fluid is a gas or liquid that primarily transfers force, motion, or mechanical energy. In hydraulics, water or hydraulic fluid transfers force between hydraulic components such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, a ...
in a turbomachine. Velocity triangles may be drawn for both the inlet and outlet sections of any turbomachine. The
vector Vector most often refers to: *Euclidean vector, a quantity with a magnitude and a direction *Vector (epidemiology), an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism Vector may also refer to: Mathematic ...
nature of
velocity Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time (e.g. northbound). Velocity ...
is utilized in the triangles, and the most basic form of a velocity triangle consists of the tangential velocity, the absolute velocity and the relative velocity of the fluid making up three sides of the triangle.


Velocities involved

A general velocity triangle consists of the following vectors: *''V'' : Absolute velocity of the fluid. *''U'' : Blade Linear velocity. *''Vr'': Relative velocity of the fluid after contact with rotor. *''Vw'': Tangential component of ''V'' (absolute velocity), called ''Whirl velocity''. *''Vf'': Flow velocity (axial component in case of axial machines, radial component in case of radial machines). The following angles are encountered during the analysis: *''α'': Absolute angle is an angle made by ''V'' with the plane of the machine (usually the nozzle angle or the guide blade angle) i.e. angle made by absolute velocity V and the direction of blade rotation U *''β'': Relative angle is an angle made by relative velocity and direction of blade rotation.


References

{{Reflist Mechanical engineering Fluid mechanics