In
political science, the urban–rural political divide is a phenomenon in which predominantly
urban areas and predominantly
rural areas within a country have sharply diverging political views. It is a form of
political polarization. Typically, urban areas exhibit more liberal, left-wing,
cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan may refer to:
Food and drink
* Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo"
History
* Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953
Hotels and resorts
* Cosmopoli ...
and/or
multiculturalist political attitudes, while rural areas exhibit more conservative, right-wing,
right-wing populist
Right-wing populism, also called national populism and right-wing nationalism, is a political ideology that combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes. Its rhetoric employs anti-elitist sentiments, opposition to the Establi ...
and/or
nationalist
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...
political attitudes.
An urban–rural political divide has been observed worldwide in many nations including the
United States,
the
United Kingdom,
France,
Australia,
Hungary,
Poland,
Belgium,
Italy,
the
Netherlands,
Turkey,
Thailand,
and
Malaysia.
Political divisions between urban and rural areas have been noted by political scientists and journalists to have intensified in the 21st century, and in particular since the
Great Recession
The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At t ...
.
In Europe, the increasing urban-rural polarization has coincided with the decline of center-left parties and concomitant rise of far-left and far-right parties, a trend known as
Pasokification
Pasokification is the decline of centre-left social-democratic political parties in European and other Western countries during the 2010s, often accompanied by the rise of nationalist, left-wing and right-wing populist alternatives. In Europe, t ...
.
See also
*
Agrarianism
Agrarianism is a political and social philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, smallholdings, and egalitarianism, with agrarian political parties normally supporting the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants ag ...
*
Anti-urbanism
Anti-urbanism is hostility toward the city as opposed to the country, a simple rejection of the city, or a wish to destroy the city.Salomon Cavin (2005)Salomon Cavin & Marchand (2010). This hostility is not an individual sentiment, but a collective ...
*
Centralismo (Peru)
*
Cleavage (politics)
In political science and sociology, a cleavage is a historically determined social or cultural line which divides citizens within a society into groups with differing political interests, resulting in political conflict among these groups. Social ...
*
Rural–urban fringe
The rural–urban fringe, also known as the outskirts, rurban, peri-urban or the urban hinterland, can be described as the "landscape interface between town and country", or also as the transition zone where urban and rural uses mix and often ...
References
Further reading
*
Political science
Political geography
Urban sociology
Conflict theory
Urban studies and planning terminology
Demographic economic problems
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