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The transverse plane (also known as the horizontal plane, axial plane and transaxial plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes.
* The transverse ''
List of clinically relevant anatomical planes
* Transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...
''
* '' Xiphosternal plane'' (or xiphosternal junction)
* ''Transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
* ''Subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, Hagfish are believed to have secondarily lo ...
''
* '' Umbilical plane'' (or transumbilical plane)
* '' Supracristal plane''
* ''Intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; b ...
'' (or transtubercular plane)
* '' Interspinous plane''
Clinically relevant anatomical planes with associated structures
* The transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...
''
** Plane through T4 & T5 vertebral junction and sternal angle of Louis.
** Marks the:
*** Attachment of costal cartilage of rib 2 at the sternal angle;
*** Aortic arch (beginning and end);
*** Upper margin of SVC;
*** Thoracic duct
In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the ''left lymphatic duct'', ''alimentary duct'', ''chyliferous duct'', and ''Van Hoorne's canal''. The other duct is the righ ...
crossing;
*** Tracheal bifurcation;
*** Pulmonary trunk bifurcation;
* The '' xiphosternal plane'' (a.k.a. xiphosternal junction
The xiphoid process , or xiphisternum or metasternum, is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the inferior (lower) part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human. It may also be referred to as the ensiform process. Bot ...
)
** Anterior, inferior limit of thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum. There ...
;
** Marks the:
*** Superior surface of the liver
The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it ...
;
*** Respiratory diaphragm;
*** Inferior border of the heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to t ...
;
* The ''transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
** Plane located halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis;
** Typically located at the lower border of L1;
** Cuts through the pylorus
The pylorus ( or ), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the ''pyloric antrum'' (opening to the body of the stomach) and the ''pyloric canal'' (opening to the duodenum). The ''pylori ...
and the tips of the ninth costal cartilages
The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
...
;
* The ''subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, Hagfish are believed to have secondarily lo ...
''
** Transverse plane through the inferior border of costal margin
The costal margin, also known as the costal arch, is the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.
Structure
The costal margin is the medial margin formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs. It attac ...
;
** Typically located at the superior border of L3, or transects L3;
* The '' umbilical plane'' (or transumbilical plane)
** Located at the level of L3/L4 vertebral junction or IV disc;
* The '' supracristal plane''
** Located at the level of L4;
** Marks bifurcation of aorta;
** Most superior aspect of iliac crest
The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superiolateral margin of the greater pelvis.
Structure
The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the poster ...
;
* The ''intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; b ...
'' (a.k.a. Transtubercular plane)
** Located at the level of L5;
** Marks origin of IVC;
* The '' interspinous plane''
** Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spine The ilium is a bone of the pelvic girdle with four bony projections, each serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments:
* Anterior superior iliac spine
* Anterior inferior iliac spine
* Posterior superior iliac spine
* Posterior inferior ...
s.
** Typically located at the level of S1.
See also
*Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...
* Horizontal plane
* Coronal plane
* Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and div ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transverse Plane Anatomical planes Human surface anatomy