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The transverse plane (also known as the horizontal plane, axial plane and transaxial plane) is an
* The transverse ''
anatomical plane
An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and animal anatomy, three principal planes are used:
* The sagittal plane or latera ...
that divides the body into superior and inferior sections. It is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal
The sagittal plane (; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divi ...
planes.
List of clinically relevant anatomical planes
* Transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...
''
* '' Xiphosternal plane'' (or xiphosternal junction)
* ''Transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
* ''Subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, Hagfish are believed to have secondarily lo ...
''
* ''Umbilical plane
The transumbilical plane or umbilical plane, one of the transverse planes in human anatomy, is a horizontal line that passes through the abdomen at the level of the navel (or umbilicus). In physical examination, clinicians use the transumbilical p ...
'' (or transumbilical plane)
* ''Supracristal plane Supracristal plane (''Planum supracristale'') (or supracrestal plane) is an anatomical transverse plane lying at the upper most part of the pelvis, the iliac crest. This is usually at the level of the L4 vertebrae. It passes through the umbilical re ...
''
* ''Intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; b ...
'' (or transtubercular plane)
* ''Interspinous plane The interspinous plane (Planum interspinale) is an anatomical transverse plane that passes through the anterior superior iliac spines. It separates the lateral lumbar region from the inguinal region and the umbilical region from the pubic region.
R ...
''
Clinically relevant anatomical planes with associated structures
* The transverse ''thoracic plane
The mediastinum (from ) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagu ...
''
** Plane through T4 & T5 vertebral junction and sternal angle of Louis.
** Marks the:
*** Attachment of costal cartilage of rib 2 at the sternal angle;
*** Aortic arch
The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch () is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.
Structure
The aorta begins ...
(beginning and end);
*** Upper margin of SVC;
*** Thoracic duct
In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the ''left lymphatic duct'', ''alimentary duct'', ''chyliferous duct'', and ''Van Hoorne's canal''. The other duct is the rig ...
crossing;
*** Tracheal bifurcation
In anatomy, the carina or tracheal bifurcation is a ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.
Structure
The carina occurs at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th to 5t ...
;
*** Pulmonary trunk
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the ''main pulmonary artery'' or ''pulmonary trunk'' from the heart, and ...
bifurcation;
* The '' xiphosternal plane'' (a.k.a. xiphosternal junction
The xiphoid process , or xiphisternum or metasternum, is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the inferior (lower) part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human. It may also be referred to as the ensiform process. Bot ...
)
** Anterior, inferior limit of thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia). The central compartment of the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum. There ...
;
** Marks the:
*** Superior surface of the liver
The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it i ...
;
*** Respiratory diaphragm;
*** Inferior border of the heart
The heart is a muscular Organ (biology), organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as ca ...
;
* The ''transpyloric plane
The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, is an imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis at the level of the first lumbar vertebrae, L1. It ...
''
** Plane located halfway between the jugular notch and the upper border of the symphysis pubis
The pubic symphysis is a secondary cartilaginous joint between the left and right superior rami of the pubis of the hip bones. It is in front of and below the urinary bladder. In males, the suspensory ligament of the penis attaches to the pubic ...
;
** Typically located at the lower border of L1;
** Cuts through the pylorus
The pylorus ( or ), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the ''pyloric antrum'' (opening to the body of the stomach) and the ''pyloric canal'' (opening to the duodenum). The ''pylori ...
and the tips of the ninth costal cartilages
The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension.
...
;
* The ''subcostal plane
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the vertebra
The spinal column, a defining synapomorphy shared by nearly all vertebrates, Hagfish are believed to have secondarily lo ...
''
** Transverse plane through the inferior border of costal margin
The costal margin, also known as the costal arch, is the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.
Structure
The costal margin is the medial margin formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs. It attac ...
;
** Typically located at the superior border of L3, or transects L3;
* The ''umbilical plane
The transumbilical plane or umbilical plane, one of the transverse planes in human anatomy, is a horizontal line that passes through the abdomen at the level of the navel (or umbilicus). In physical examination, clinicians use the transumbilical p ...
'' (or transumbilical plane)
** Located at the level of L3/L4 vertebral junction or IV disc;
* The ''supracristal plane Supracristal plane (''Planum supracristale'') (or supracrestal plane) is an anatomical transverse plane lying at the upper most part of the pelvis, the iliac crest. This is usually at the level of the L4 vertebrae. It passes through the umbilical re ...
''
** Located at the level of L4;
** Marks bifurcation of aorta;
** Most superior aspect of iliac crest
The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is the superior border of the wing of ilium and the superiolateral margin of the greater pelvis.
Structure
The iliac crest stretches posteriorly from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the poster ...
;
* The ''intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; b ...
'' (a.k.a. Transtubercular plane)
** Located at the level of L5;
** Marks origin of IVC;
* The ''interspinous plane The interspinous plane (Planum interspinale) is an anatomical transverse plane that passes through the anterior superior iliac spines. It separates the lateral lumbar region from the inguinal region and the umbilical region from the pubic region.
R ...
''
** Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spine The ilium is a bone of the pelvic girdle with four bony projections, each serving as attachment points for muscles and ligaments:
* Anterior superior iliac spine
* Anterior inferior iliac spine
* Posterior superior iliac spine
* Posterior inferior ...
s.
** Typically located at the level of S1.
See also
*Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position p ...
* Horizontal plane
In astronomy, geography, and related sciences and contexts, a '' direction'' or '' plane'' passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.
Conversely, a direction or plane is said to be h ...
* Coronal plane
The coronal plane (also known as the frontal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal and transverse planes.
Details
The coronal plane is an example of a longitud ...
* Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divid ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transverse Plane Anatomical planes Human surface anatomy