Susuhunan, or in short version Sunan, is a title used by the monarchs of Mataram and then by the hereditary rulers of

Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, Indonesia. The 44 km2 (16.2 sq mi) city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Su ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...

. Additionally in

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and ...

and

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

, so-called " Kings of kings" reigned with this title, while their kingdoms were called "Sunanates". The name Susuhunan is also used as a romantic nickname for loved ones, but also for highly respected public figures. Lovers or mistresses were also referred to with this nickname outside in private. The abbreviation Sunan is also used as a given name.

Names and titles

The full title of the Susuhunan in Javanese is: ''Sampeyan Dalem ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Susuhunan

Prabhu ''Prabhu'' means master or the Prince in Sanskrit and many of the Indian languages; it is a name sometimes applied to God. The term is also used by devotees of the Hindu God Lord Krishna/ Vishnu as a title and form of address. It is also appen ...

Sri Shri (; , ) is a Sanskrit term denoting resplendence, wealth and prosperity, primarily used as an honorific. The word is widely used in South and Southeast Asian languages such as Marathi, Malay (including Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanes ...

Paku Buwana Senapati ing Alaga Ngabdulrahman Sayidin Panatagama'' (" His Exalted Majesty, The Susuhunan, King Paku Buwana, Commander in the field of battle, Servant of the Most Gracious, the regulator of Religion"). This long title is occasionally abbreviated in media with Latin texts as SISKS, denoting ''Sampeyan dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Susuhunan'', followed by the regnal name. The rulers of Surakarta traditionally adopt the

regnal name A regnal name, or regnant name or reign name, is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and, subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they ...

Pakubuwono (also spelled ''Pakubuwana'' ). Susuhunan is specific to the rulers of Surakarta; the

rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

, who are also descended from the Mataram

dynasty A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...

, have the title

Sultan Sultan (; ar, سلطان ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it c ...

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Pakoe Boewono X Susuhunan van Solo met echtgenote en dochter in Soerakarta TMnr 60043309

The dates given are for the time ruling. *

Pakubuwono I Pakubuwono I (also as Pakubuwana I, before his reign was known as Pangeran Puger), uncle of Amangkurat III of Mataram was a combatant for the succession of the Mataram dynasty, both as a co-belligerent during the Trunajaya rebellion (from 1677 t ...

, 1705–1719 *

Pakubuwono II Pakubuwono II (also transliterated Pakubuwana II) (1711–1749) was the last ruler of Mataram and the first Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central J ...

, 1727–1749 (Kartasura and Surakarta) * Pakubuwono III, 1749–1788 * Pakubuwono IV, 1788–1820 *

Pakubuwono V Pakubuwono V (also transliterated Pakubuwana V) (13 December 1784 – 5 September 1823) was the fifth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta Surakarta ( jv, ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ), known colloquially as Solo ( jv, ꦱꦭ; ), is a city in Central Java, ...

, 1820–1823 * Pakubuwono VI, 1823–1830 * Pakubuwono VII, 1830–1858 *

Pakubuwono VIII Pakubuwono VIII (the other name's Bandara Radin Mas Kuseini)(also transliterated Pakubuwana VIII) (born 20 April 1789 – ruled 1858 until 28 December 1861) was the eighth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta) from 1858 to 1861. He was the elder bro ...

, 1859–1861 * Pakubuwono IX, 1861–1893 *

Pakubuwono X Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated PBX; Surakarta, November 29, 1866 – Surakarta, February 22, 1939) was the tenth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). Birth His birth name ( jv, asma timur) was Raden Mas ...

, 1893–1939 * Pakubuwono XI, 1939–1945 * Pakubuwono XII, 1945–2004 * Pakubuwono XIII, 2004–present Note: For Pakubuwono XIII - from 2004 to 2012, there were two rival claimants to the throne, Hangabehi and Tedjowulan, both are sons of late Pakubuwono XII.In a Sultanate Known as Solo, One Too Many Kings
''NY Times'' (17 Feb 2008). Mydans, Seth.

References

* Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) ''Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java'' (First published: ''By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII''. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore Susuhunan of Surakarta Indonesian names Indonesian families Noble titles of Indonesia {{Indonesia-stub

Names and titles

List of Susuhunans of Surakarta

See also

References