A Sugar acid or acidic sugar is a
monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek '' monos'': single, '' sacchar'': sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simpl ...
with a
carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.
Main classes of sugar acids include:
*
Aldonic acids, in which the
aldehyde group (−CHO) located at the initial end (
position 1) of an
aldose is oxidized.
* Ulosonic acids, in which the −CH
2(OH) group at the initial end of a 2-
ketose
A ketose is a monosaccharide containing one ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone is a functional group with the structure R–C(=O)–R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl ...
is oxidized creating an α-
ketoacid.
*
Uronic acids, in which the −CH
2(OH) group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.
*
Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CHO and −CH
2(OH)) of an aldose are oxidized.
Examples
Examples of sugar acids include:
* Aldonic acids
**
Glyceric acid (3C)
**
Xylonic acid (5C)
**
Gluconic acid (6C)
**
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C (also known as ascorbic acid and ascorbate) is a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus and other fruits and vegetables, also sold as a dietary supplement and as a topical
A topical medication is a medication that is applied ...
(6C, unsaturated lactone)
* Ulosonic acids
**
Neuraminic acid (5-amino-3,5-dideoxy-
D-
''glycero''-
D-
''galacto''-non-2-ulosonic acid)
**
Ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO or 3-deoxy-
D-
''manno''-oct-2-ulosonic acid)
* Uronic acids
**
Glucuronic acid (6C)
**
Galacturonic acid (6C)
**
Iduronic acid (6C)
* Aldaric acids
**
Tartaric acid (4C)
** ''meso''-Galactaric acid (
Mucic acid) (6C)
**
D-Glucaric acid (
Saccharic acid) (6C)
References
External links
* {{MeshName, Sugar+Acids