A strait is an
oceanic landform connecting two
seas
This is a list of seas of the World Ocean, including marginal seas, areas of water, various gulfs, bights, bays, and straits.
Terminology
* Ocean – the four to seven largest named bodies of water in the World Ocean, all of which have "Ocean ...
or two other large areas of water. The surface water generally flows at the same elevation on both sides and through the strait in either direction. Most commonly, it is a narrow ocean
channel that lies between two
land masses. Some straits are not navigable, for example because they are either too narrow or too shallow, or because of an unnavigable
reef
A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral or similar relatively stable material, lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock ...
or
archipelago
An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
Examples of archipelagos include: the Indonesian Arch ...
. Straits are also known to be loci for sediment accumulation. Usually, sand-size deposits occur on both the two opposite strait exits, forming
subaqueous fans or
deltas.
Terminology
The terms ''
channel'', ''pass'', or ''passage'' can be synonymous and used interchangeably with ''strait'', although each is sometimes differentiated with varying senses. In Scotland, ''
firth
Firth is a word in the English and Scots languages used to denote various coastal waters in the United Kingdom, predominantly within Scotland. In the Northern Isles, it more usually refers to a smaller inlet. It is linguistically cognate to ''f ...
'' or ''Kyle'' are also sometimes used as synonyms for strait.
Many straits are economically important. Straits can be important
shipping routes and
wars have been fought for control of them.
Numerous artificial channels, called ''
canal
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface f ...
s'', have been constructed to connect two bodies of water over land, such as the
Suez Canal. Although
river
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of ...
s and canals often provide passage between two large lakes or a lake and a sea, and these seem to suit the formal definition of strait, they are not usually referred to as such. The term ''strait'' is typically reserved for much larger, wider features of the
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military ...
environment. There are exceptions, with straits being called canals;
Pearse Canal, for example.
Comparisons
Straits are the converse of
isthmuses. That is, while a strait lies between two land masses and connects two large areas of ocean, an isthmus lies between two areas of ocean and connects two large land masses.
Some straits have the potential to generate significant
tidal power
Tidal power or tidal energy is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods.
Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has the potential for future electricity generation. ...
using
tidal stream turbines. Tides are more predictable than
wave power or
wind power. The
Pentland Firth (a strait) may be capable of generating 10
GW.
["Marine Briefing" (December 2006) Scottish Renewables Forum. Glasgow.] Cook Strait in New Zealand may be capable of generating 5.6 GW
["The Energetics of Large Tidal Turbine Arrays, Ross Vennell, 2012, preprint submitted to Royal Society, 2011."] even though the total energy available in the flow is 15 GW.
["Estimating the power potential of tidal currents and the impact of power extraction on flow speeds. Ross Vennell, 2011" ]
Navigational (legal) regime
Straits used for international navigation through the territorial sea between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the
high seas or an
exclusive economic zone are subject to the legal regime of
transit passage (
Strait of Gibraltar,
Dover Strait,
Strait of Hormuz). The regime of
innocent passage applies in straits used for international navigation (1) that connect a part of high seas or an exclusive economic zone with the territorial sea of a coastal nation (
Straits of Tiran,
Strait of Juan de Fuca,
Strait of Baltiysk
The Strait of Baltiysk (russian: Балтийский пролив, pl, Cieśnina Piławska, german: Pillauer Tief) is a strait enabling passage from the Baltic Sea into the brackish Vistula Lagoon, located in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. The co ...
) and (2) in straits formed by an island of a state bordering the strait and its mainland if there exists seaward of the island a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics (
Strait of Messina, Pentland Firth). There may be no suspension of innocent passage through such straits.
See also
*
List of straits
*
Strait passage
Transit passage is a concept of the law of the sea, which allows a vessel or aircraft the freedom of navigation or overflight solely for the purpose of continuous and expeditious transit of a strait between one part of the high seas or exclusive ...
*
Choke point
References
* Longhitano S., 2013. A facies-based depositional model for ancient and modern, tectonically–confined tidal straits. Terra Nova, 25,6, 446-452
External links
{{coastal geography
Coastal and oceanic landforms
Bodies of water