Origin
There are two common theories about the origin of Rummy, attributing its origins in either Mexico or China in the nineteenth century. The first is that it originated in Mexico around the 1890s in a game described as Conquian in R.F. Foster's book ''Foster's Complete Hoyle'', which was played with a 40 card Spanish deck and had melding mechanics. The second is that Rummy originated in Asia, and that Rummy was the result of a Mahjongg variant named Kun P'ai that was Westernized as Khanhoo by W.H. Wilkinson in 1891. Games scholarGeneral features of rummy-style games
Deal
Depending on the variation, each player receives a certain number of cards from either a standard deck of 52 cards, more than one deck or a special deck of cards used for specific games. The un-dealt cards are placed in a face down stack in the middle, which is known as the stock. In most variations, a single card is turned face up next to the stock where players discard or shed cards, and this is known as the discard pile. In 10 Cards Rummy, which is often played with two, three or four players, each player gets ten cards. In rummy games with five players, each player is given six cards. In 500 Rummy, each player is given seven cards. In Indian Rummy, 13 cards are dealt to each player.Melds
A meld can either be a set (also known as a book) or a run. A set consists of at least three cards of the same rank, for example or . A run consists of at least three consecutive cards of the same suit or . Very few variations allow runs that have mixed suits. In a few variations of rummy, other patterns may be allowed. In some variations the melds (sets and runs) must be 3 or 4 cards, while other variations allow larger melds through the use of longer runs, for example: or, if multiple decks or wild cards are used, or . Wild cards (such as a joker) may be used to represent any card in a meld. The number of wild cards in a meld may be restricted.Play
Depending on the variation of the game, players take turns adding and shedding cards from their hands. There are numerous and quite different ways of doing this though it usually involves picking a card from the stock and discarding a card to the discard pile. In some variations melds are revealed to all players by placing them face up on the table, in other variations each player keeps their hand hidden until the show. Some variations permit picking up the entire discard pile. A few variations permit stealing cards from their opponents melds.Show
In most variations a player must put all of their cards into at least two melds (though they may be allowed to shed one card to the discard pile before showing). Once the player has melded all their cards they reveal their entire hand and the player submits their hand to validation. All other players reveal their melds and deadweight. The action of submitting the cards is called Showing.Scoring
After a successful show, the winner or all players score their hand. In most variations numbered cards have certain assigned points and the royal cards (J-Q-K) have assigned points and the A often has a different point value. Scoring often involves each player adding up points in their melded cards (sets and runs) and deducting points from cards that have not been melded. The winner may also receive a bonus for winning. Some special or difficult melds may also give extra points to a hand. A player may have a negative score if their unmelded cards total more than their melded ones. Usually play continues until one player passes a threshold, for example 1,000 points.Basic rummy
There are many variations of Rummy, but most build on a common set of features found in the basic game. The following rules follow Parlett (2008) unless otherwise stated.Parlett (2008), pp. 490–491.Cards
Standard packs of 52 cards are used: one is sufficient for two or three players; four to seven may use a twin pack, which may have two different patterns on the card backs. Alternatively four to six players may play with a single pack, but with a reduced number of cards. Recently, double packs of 104Deal
The first dealer may be chosen by lot. Deal and play are clockwise. The dealerPlay
Play begins with the player on the dealer's left and proceeds clockwise. In turn, each player draws the top card from the stock or the discard pile. If drawing from the discard pile a player may draw multiple cards. The player will then do either or both of the following: * Meld. A player who has three cards of the same suit in a sequence or run, may meld them by laying these cards, face up, on the table. If at least three cards of the same rank are held, they may be melded as a set or group. The original rule was that Aces could only be played low, for example . However, it is now common to treat them as high or low, but not both. For example, is legal but is not. Melding is optional and as many may be made as are possible on one turn. * Lay off. A player may also choose to lay off some cards on an existing meld. This means that a player who can add to a sequence or a set on the table, regardless of who initially melded it, may do so. Finally, after making any melds or lay offs, the player must discard a single card to the discard pile, face up. A player who drew the upcard from the discard pile, may not replace the same card on the discard pile, but must discard a different card. If the stock runs out, the next player may choose to draw from the discard pile or to turn it over to form a new stock. The discard pile is not shuffled. After forming the new stock, the top card is drawn to form the new discard pile. The player can call rummy if a point is discarded into the discard pile. They cannot however call rummy if the card becomes a point while in the discard pile. Going out. A player may go out by discarding the last remaining card in hand, whether as part of a meld, a lay-off or a discard. ''Example''. Anne has left in her hand and draws , thus forming a sequence. She goes out by melding her sequence and without making a discard. Or supposing Ben has and draws the , he may meld the , discard the and go out. Or if there is a run of on the table and Charlotte, who has the , picks up the , she may lay off her two cards to the existing meld and go out.Scoring
The player who goes out, wins, and scores as many points as the other have in their hand cards. Court cards score 10 each, Jokers 15 each and numerals score their face value. Aces count as 1 unless they are allowed to be high, in which case they score 11.Variations
In some instances, jokers are used as wildcards and can represent any card value when melding. They can be used in sets or runs but can not be replaced when 'melded', nor can a player lay off a card to replace it by themselves or their opponent. Jokers are not counted during the scoring. In other variations, such asRelated games
There are a large number of games derived from rummy. Although in North America the word ''rummy'' is often used interchangeably for gin rummy, the term is applicable to a large family of games, including canasta, mahjong and rummikub.Melding family
The most basic form where play continues until the stock is exhausted or a player achieves a specific number of points. Different cards (and melds in some games) are worth specific points. In some variations, the first meld must meet minimum point requirements or the final meld must include a discard. Some of these are played for four players in partnerships of two. In most variations, players may extensively add to or even rearrange their cards. *Contract family
In contract rummy, players are either assigned specific objectives (known or unknown to the other players) or decides their own objectives and announces them before play begins. Players are awarded and or penalized extra points depending on if they successfully meet their objectives. *Shedding games
In these games, players play until they have a minimal number of points or cards in their unmelded hand. * Conquian * Robbers' rummyCanasta family
Canasta games usually involve partnerships using two or more decks with many wild cards. There are many rules and restrictions on first melds, final melds and taking the deck. Seven or eight of a kinds (canasta) score high. * Buraco * Biriba * Canasta * Hand & Foot *Samba * MilleKnock rummy
In knock rummy, players usually reveal their entire hand at the end of the game. In most variations, a player may signal (through knock or a specific kind of discard) that s/he has a valid hand. In some variations, the other players get one final turn before the reveal. * Gin rummy * Indian Rummy *Variations with non-Western cards or special equipment
Rummoli games
Unique cards
Several companies produce special card sets which often include special cards not seen in other rummoli variations. Some variations resemble the card gameChinese cards
There are two different kinds of Chinese decks used for rummy-like games. The rules of each variation vary greatly. * Khanhoo *Quan dui * Four Color CardsTiles
Tile rummy games usually include tiles of only three suits along with special tiles unseen in card games. Mahjong, a game with elaborate rules and different scoring systems, is played in East Asia with numerous variations played in different countries. Rummikub and other international tile variations have rules similar to meld and knock rummy. * Mahjong * Rummikub * Okey *Domino rummyFootnotes
References
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