Prolamins are a group of plant
storage proteins having a high
proline amino acid content. They are found in plants, mainly in the seeds of cereal grains such as
wheat (
gliadin
Gliadin (a type of prolamin) is a class of proteins present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genus '' Triticum''. Gliadins, which are a component of gluten, are essential for giving bread the ability to rise properly during bak ...
),
barley (
hordein
Hordein is a prolamin glycoprotein, present in barley and some other cereals, together with gliadin and other glycoproteins (such as glutelins) coming under the general name of gluten. Horedeins are found in the endosperm where one of their functi ...
),
rye
Rye (''Secale cereale'') is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to both wheat (''Triticum'') and barley (genus ''Hordeum''). Rye grain is u ...
(
secalin),
corn
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The ...
(
zein),
sorghum (
kafirin), and
oats (
avenin). They are characterised by a high
glutamine and
proline content, and have poor solubility in water. They solubilise best in strong alcohol
0-80% light acid, and alkaline solutions. The prolamins of the tribe Triticeae, such as wheat
gliadin
Gliadin (a type of prolamin) is a class of proteins present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genus '' Triticum''. Gliadins, which are a component of gluten, are essential for giving bread the ability to rise properly during bak ...
, and related proteins (see
Triticeae glutens) are known to trigger
coeliac disease
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barl ...
, an autoimmune condition, in genetically predisposed individuals.
Maize and sorghum prolamins are sorted by molecular weight into four classes, α, β, γ and δ. Alpha- and delta- prolamins cluster in a broad phylogenetic group (Group 1). The rest cluster into Group 2. Group 1 is widely duplicated in the two plants. A database of Triticeae prolamins (glutens) is available.
There does not seem to be an analysis that tries to cluster both sources of prolamins into a grand classification.
References
External links
Pfam clan Prolamin- a group of prolamin N-terminal domains with similar disulfide-bonding patterns
Glycoproteins
P
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