The princely states of Pakistan ( ur, ; sd, پاڪستان جون نوابي رياستون) were
princely states of the
British Indian Empire
The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent;
*
* it is also called Crown rule in India,
*
*
*
*
or Direct rule in India,
* Quote: "Mill, who was himse ...
which
acceded to the new
Dominion of Pakistan between 1947 and 1948, following the
partition of British India and its
independence
Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the st ...
.
At the time of the withdrawal of British forces from the subcontinent on 15 August 1947,
West Pakistan
West Pakistan ( ur, , translit=Mag̱ẖribī Pākistān, ; bn, পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান, translit=Pôścim Pakistan) was one of the two Provincial exclaves created during the One Unit Scheme in 1955 in Pakistan. It was ...
was less than half of its ultimate size. It took a year of negotiations and accidents to bring the princely states into Pakistan, and a long process of integration followed.
Options of the Princes
With the withdrawal of the British from the
Indian subcontinent, in 1947, the
Indian Independence Act provided that the hundreds of princely states which had existed alongside but outside
British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...
were released from all their
subsidiary alliance
A subsidiary alliance, in South Asian history, was a tributary alliance between a South Asian state and a European East India Company.
Under this system, an Indian ruler who formed a treaty with the company in question would be provided w ...
s and other treaty obligations to the British, while at the same time the British withdrew from their treaty obligations to defend the states and keep the peace. The rulers were left to decide whether to accede to one of the newly independent states of
India or Pakistan (both formed initially from the British possessions) or to remain independent outside both. As stated by
Sardar Patel
Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (; ; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of I ...
at a press conference in January 1948, "As you are all aware, on the lapse of Paramountcy every Indian State became a separate independent entity."
Only two rulers acceded to Pakistan in the first month of its independence, August 1947, while the others considered what to do, but most of those states with a Muslim majority population had acceded to Pakistan within a year, prompted in several cases by the
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.
The
Instruments of Accession made available for the rulers to sign transferred only limited powers to the Dominion of Pakistan, namely external relations, defence, and communications; in most cases signing was believed to leave the states in the position they had under the
suzerainty of the British Crown. The
Wali of Swat
A wali (''wali'' ar, وَلِيّ, '; plural , '), the Arabic word which has been variously translated "master", "authority", "custodian", "protector", is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by the ...
commented that the states' accession "did not change very much". However, within a generation all of the princely states had lost their internal autonomy. The last to fall were
Hunza Hunza may refer to:
* Hunza, Iran
* Hunza Valley, an area in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan
** Hunza (princely state), a former principality
** Hunza District, a recently established district
** Hunza River, a waterway
** Hunza Peak, a m ...
and
Nagar
Nagar ( -nagar) can refer to:
Places Bangladesh
* Nagar, Rajshahi Division, a village
* Nagar, Barisal Division, a settlement
India
* Nagar taluka, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra State
* Nagar, Murshidabad, a village in West Bengal
* Nagar, Rajasthan ...
, in October 1974.
Attempts by Junagadh and Bantva Manavadar to accede
The princely state of
Junagadh, a coastal state on the
Kathiawar
Kathiawar () is a peninsula, near the far north of India's west coast, of about bordering the Arabian Sea. It is bounded by the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest and by the Gulf of Khambhat (Gulf of Cambay) in the east. In the northeast, i ...
peninsula, had a mostly Hindu population but a Muslim ruler,
Muhammad Mahabat Khan III
Sir Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III Rasul Khanji, ( Gujarati: મુહમ્મદ ખાન ત્રીજાની, Urdu: 2 August 1898 – 17 November 1959), was the last ruling Nawab of Junagadh of the princely state of Junagadh in India fr ...
, and in August 1947 he decided to accede to Pakistan, the first ruler of a state to do so. The Nawab's dewan,
Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto, delivered the
Instrument of Accession to
Jinnah in person, and on 13 September Jinnah accepted the accession. However, some of the
Hindu subjects who formed the majority of the population revolted, and seeking to force the Nawab of Junagadh to change his decision, India imposed a blockade on the state. On 8 November, after giving up on all hope of assistance from Pakistan, Bhutto asked the Indian government to take over the administration of the state as a temporary measure to restore order. This arrangement was pending a final settlement through negotiations and did not mean that Junagadh had acceded to India.
The Government of India installed a governor and arranged a
referendum on the status of the state, which took place on 20 February 1948 and voted overwhelmingly for union with India. This led to the
integration of Junagadh into India. India maintained that it had not invaded Junagadh, but had taken it over only after the Nawab’s government had completely collapsed.
[Accession of Junagadh: Farce of History]
revisitingindia.com, 28 Aug 2013.
Ghulam Moinuddin Khanji
Ghulam Moinuddin Khanji (22 December 1911 – 13 February 2003) was the ruler of Manavadar State, one of the princely states associated with British India. Although Khanji chose to accede to Pakistan after the partition of India, the state was ...
, Khan of
Bantva Manavadar
Bantva-Manavadar or Manavadar State was a princely state during the era of the British Raj in India. It was located on the Kathiawar peninsula in Gujarat.
See also
*Political integration of India
*Bantva Memons
*Bantva
References
External ...
, a subordinate or vassal state of Junagadh, also signed an accession to Pakistan on 24 September 1947. The Indian police invaded Manavadar on 22 October, and the Khan was arrested. Following a plebiscite, the state was merged with the newly federated state of
Saurashtra on 20 February 1949. The Khan was released as a result of the
Liaquat–Nehru Pact of 8 April 1950. He lived in Karachi from 1951, where he continued to be recognized as a prince. He became president of the
Pakistan Hockey Federation
The Pakistan Hockey Federation ( ur, ) is the governing body for the sport of field hockey in Pakistan. It is affiliated with the International Hockey Federation (FIH).
Management positions
The current Patron-in-Chief is Prime Minister Mian M ...
and died in 2003.
Princely states of Pakistan in order of accession
Bahawalpur
On 3 October 1947, after some delay, the Nawab (or Ameer) of
Bahawalpur
Bahawalpur () is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. With inhabitants as of 2017, it is Pakistan's 11th most populous city.
Founded in 1748, Bahawalpur was the capital of the former princely state of Bahawalpur, ruled by the Abbasi f ...
,
Sadeq Mohammad Khan V
General Nawab Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan V Abbasi ( ur, ) (born 29 September 1904, in Derawar – died 24 May 1966, in London) was the Nawab, and later Amir, of Bahawalpur State from 1907 to 1966.
He became the Nawab on the death of his fa ...
, acceded his state to Pakistan, becoming the first ruler to do so successfully.
As tens of thousands of Muslim refugees flooded into the state from the new India, the Ameer of Bahawalpur Refugee Relief and Rehabilitation Fund was instituted to provide for their relief. In 1953, the Ameer of Bahawalpur represented Pakistan at the
coronation
A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head. The term also generally refers not only to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony wherein the act of crowning occurs, along with the presentation of ot ...
of
Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
. In 1955 he signed an agreement with the
Governor-General of Pakistan,
Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad ( ur, ; 20 April 1895 – 29 August 1956), was a Pakistani politician and financier who served as the third governor-general of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity in 1951 until being dismissed in 1955 due to healt ...
, under which Bahawalpur became part of the province of
West Pakistan
West Pakistan ( ur, , translit=Mag̱ẖribī Pākistān, ; bn, পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান, translit=Pôścim Pakistan) was one of the two Provincial exclaves created during the One Unit Scheme in 1955 in Pakistan. It was ...
, with effect from 14 October 1955, and the Ameer received a yearly
privy purse of 32 lakhs of rupees, keeping his titles.
Khairpur
The state of
Khairpur also acceded to Pakistan on 3 October 1947.
[ George Ali Murad Khan (born 1934), who from 19 July 1947 to 14 October 1955 was the last Amir (or Nawab) of Khairpur, was a minor for much of his reign, so it was a Regent, Mir Ghulam Hussain Khan Talpur Baluch, who acceded to Pakistan on his behalf.
In 1950 the Amir introduced a form of democracy, with universal adult franchise. In 1955 the state was integrated into Pakistan. The royal privileges of the Amir were abolished in 1972.
The last Amir is one of the few surviving princes.
]
Chitral
The Mehtar of Chitral
Chitral ( khw, , lit=field, translit=ćhitrār; ur, , translit=ćitrāl) is situated on the Chitral River in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Chitral District and before that as the capital of Chitral ...
, Muzaffar-ul-Mulk (1901–1949), stated his intention to accede to Pakistan on 15 August 1947. However, his formal accession was delayed until 6 October.[ He died in January 1949. His son, Saif-ur-Rahman (1926–1954), had been exiled by the Government of Pakistan and a board of administration composed of Chitrali noblemen was to govern the state in his absence. In October 1954 Saif-ur-Rahman was allowed to return from exile to take charge of Chitral, but he died in a plane crash on the way home, leaving his four-year-old son Mohammad Saif-ul-Mulk Nasir (1950–2011) as ruler. His uncle, Shahzada Asad ur-Rahman, acted as Regent until he came of age and was invested with the full powers of Mehtar at Chitral Fort in May 1966.][Brief History of Ex Mehter Chitral HH Prince Saif ul Mulk Nasir]
chitraltimes.com, accessed 31 October 2020
On 28 July 1969, President Yahya Khan
General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan , (Urdu: ; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980); commonly known as Yahya Khan, was a Pakistani military general who served as the third President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator following his p ...
announced the full integration of the states of Chitral, Dir, and Swat into Pakistan,[ and the dispossessed young ruler, then aged nineteen, agreed to take up a diplomatic career. He joined the Foreign Service in 1973 and served as First Secretary at ]Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, mak ...
, 1974–1979, as Deputy Chief of Protocol in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1979–1985, and as Assistant Consul-General in Hong Kong, 1985–1989.[
]
Swat
The Wāli of Swat
The Wāli of Swat ( ur, ) was the official title of the leader (wāli) of the erstwhile princely state of Swat and also the nomenclature of the Miangul dynasty that ruled there from 1926 to 1969.
History
The earlier titles of the rulers of Sw ...
, Miangul Abdul Wadud, acceded his state to Pakistan on 3 November 1947.[ The last Wali, ]Miangul Jahan Zeb
Miangul Jahan Zeb HPk, HQA, CIE ( ur, ) (5 June 1908 - 14 September 1987), also known as Miangul Abdul-Haq Jahan Zeb, was the Wāli of Swat from 1949 to 1969, a princely state that is now part of Pakistan. He succeeded his father, Wadud of S ...
(1908–1987), continued to exercise absolute rule
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power over a state is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject neither to external legal restraints nor to regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perh ...
until Pakistan took control, when on 28 July 1969 Yahya Khan
General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan , (Urdu: ; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980); commonly known as Yahya Khan, was a Pakistani military general who served as the third President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator following his p ...
announced the full integration of the states of Swat, Chitral, and Dir into Pakistan.[
]
Hunza
Hunza Hunza may refer to:
* Hunza, Iran
* Hunza Valley, an area in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan
** Hunza (princely state), a former principality
** Hunza District, a recently established district
** Hunza River, a waterway
** Hunza Peak, a m ...
, also known as Kanjut, was a small princely state to the north of Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to:
* Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent
* Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), a region administered by India as a union territory
* Jammu and Kashmir (state), a region administered ...
, and had been subject to the suzerainty of the
Maharajah of Kashmir since 1891. In 1931 its population was reported as 13,241.[ ''Census of India, 1931, Volume XXIV: Jammu & Kashmir State, Part 1 – Report'' (India Census Commissioner Manager of Publications, 1933), p. 59] Having once been under Chinese protection, after the departure of the British from the subcontinent in August 1947 Hunza received approaches from the Republic of China, which wished Mir to return to Chinese protection. However, on 3 November 1947, the Mir
''Mir'' (russian: Мир, ; ) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. ''Mir'' was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to& ...
of Hunza, Mohammad Jamal Khan (1912-1976), who had been ruler only since 1946, sent a telegram to Jinnah stating that he wished to accede his state to Pakistan. This action came one week after the decision by Hari Singh
Maharaja Sir Hari Singh (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became ...
, Maharajah of Kashmir, to accede to India, following the invasion by Pashtun
Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the geographic region of Pashtunistan in the present-day countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They were historically r ...
Mehsud
The Mahsud or Mehsood ( ps, محسود), also spelled Maseed ( ps, ماسيد), is a Karlani Pashtun tribe inhabiting mostly the South Waziristan Agency in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, now merged within Kh ...
tribals, backed by Pakistani paramilitary forces, in October 1947 under the code name "Operation Gulmarg" to seize Kashmir. On 27 October Indian Army troops had moved into Kashmir. Hunza's formal accession took place on 18 November.[''Pakistan Horizon'', vol. 56, Issues 1-2, p. 57: "Hunza and Nagar acceded to Pakistan on November 18, 1947, but the northern regions have not been merged into Pakistan proper, pending the determination of the status of Jammu and Kashmir."] On 25 September 1973, following local protests, the Mir's rule came to an end when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan
The prime minister of Pakistan ( ur, , romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen cabinet, despite the president of Pakis ...
, abolished the Mir's government and annexed the state to the Northern Areas of Pakistan, under the federal government. Two years after his forced abdication the Mir died.
Nagar
Nagar was another small valley state to the north of Kashmir and shared the language and culture of Hunza.[ In 1931 it had a population of 13,672, much the same as that of Hunza.][ On 18 November 1947 its ruler, ]Shaukat Ali Khan
Shaukat Ali Khan (9 February 1926 – 1 July 2006) was an Awami League politician in Pakistan, and later in Bangladesh. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) from Mirzapur in 1970 and as the Jatiya Sangsad member from the Tangail-7 c ...
(1917–2003), who had come to the throne in 1940, joined his neighbour in acceding to Pakistan.[ They did this after resisting considerable pressure from ]Hari Singh
Maharaja Sir Hari Singh (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became ...
of Jammu and Kashmir to enter into new subsidiary alliances with him.
In 1968 Syed Yahya Shah
Syed Yahya Shah سيد يحي (also called Aga Yahya) was a Pakistani politician and scholar from Gilgit-Baltistan.
Early life
Shah was born in Minapin, Nagar District of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. He acquired his early education in Nomal and G ...
, a politician of the valley, demanded civil rights from the Mir of Nagar. On 25 September 1973, not long after the Pakistan People's Party under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto had come to power, the new government forced the last Mir of Nagar, Brigadier Shaukat Ali Khan, to abdicate his power, as with the Mir of Hunza, and like Hunza, Nagar was merged into the Northern Areas, although the Mir of Nagar was left with some of his purely ceremonial role.
Amb
On 31 December 1947, Muhammad Farid Khan
Nawab Sir Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli, , was the last ruling Nawab of the princely state of Amb, from 1936 till 1969. In 1947 he acceded his state to the Dominion of Pakistan.
A small state in a subsidiary alliance with British India, in 19 ...
, Nawab of Amb
AMB may refer to:
* Active magnetic bearing
* Advanced Memory Buffer, used in Fully Buffered DIMM memory
* Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, one of the armed sections of the Palestinian Fatah movement
* Ambergate railway station, abbreviation used in th ...
, acceded to Pakistan.[Z. H. Zaidi, CHRONOLOGY OF ACCESSION OF STATES TO PAKISTAN in ''Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: The States'' (Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, 1993), p. xxxix] Amb continued to be an autonomous state within Pakistan until 1969, when following the death of the Nawab it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (now known as Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa). In 1971 recognition of the royal status of the Nawabs by the Government of Pakistan came to an end.
A small state, in 1958 Amb was reported to have an area of and a population of 48,656.[Amiya Ranjan Mukherjee, ''Current Affairs'' (1958), p. 337]
Phulra
Phulra was a khanate near Amb, with a population of about 8,000 and an area of only .[ Almost all of its people lived in ninety-eight villages. Its last Khan, called Nawab abdul Latif khan. In 1949 the khanate came to an end when it was merged into the ]North West Frontier Province
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; ps, شمال لویدیځ سرحدي ولایت, ) was a Chief Commissioner's Province of British India, established on 9 November 1901 from the north-western districts of the Punjab Province. Followin ...
.
Dir
The Nawab of Dir, Sir Shah Jahan Khan, sent troops to support Pakistan in the First Kashmir War
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
of 1947, and he signed an instrument of accession to Pakistan on 8 November, but it was not until 8 February 1948 that his state's accession was accepted by Jinnah as Governor-General.[ In 1961 ]Yahya Khan
General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan , (Urdu: ; 4 February 1917 – 10 August 1980); commonly known as Yahya Khan, was a Pakistani military general who served as the third President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator following his p ...
exiled Jahan Khan and replaced him as Nawab with his son Mohammad Shah Khosru Khan, who was a Major General in the Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army (, ) is the land service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The roots of its modern existence trace back to the British Indian Army that ceased to exist following the Partition of British India, which occurred as a result ...
, but the real control passed to the state's Political Agent. On 28 July 1969, Yahya Khan announced that the states of Dir, Chitral, and Swat were being incorporated into Pakistan.[Muhammad Sher Ali Khan, ''The elite minority, the princes of India'' (1989), p. 98: "On 28 July 1969, President Yahya Khan announced in a broadcast to the nation... that his administration had decided that the time has come to merge the states of Chitral, Dir and Swat in West Pakistan"]
Las Bela
Las Bela's ruler Ghulam Qadir Khan (1920–1988) acceded to Pakistan on 7 March 1948, and the accession was accepted by Pakistan on 17 March.[ The state was a member of the ]Baluchistan States Union
The Baluchistan States Union or Balochistan States Union (BSU) was an administrative division of Pakistan that existed between 3 October 1952 and 14 October 1955 in the southwestern part of West Pakistan. It was formed by the four princely state ...
from 3 October 1952 to 14 October 1955, but it retained its internal autonomy. That came to an end in 1955, when Las Bela was incorporated into the new West Pakistan province and became part of the Kalat division. In 1962, Las Bela was detached from West Pakistan and merged with the Federal Capital Territory to form Karachi-Bela. In 1970, it became the Lasbela District of the new province of Balochistan.
Kharan
With an area of and a population reported in 1951 as 33,833,[ Kharan was one of the princely states of ]Balochistan
Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline ...
which retained some degree of their independence for several years. Its last Nawab was Habibullah Khan Nausherwani a Baloch chief (1897–1958), who was in power from 1911 until 1955.
The state acceded to Pakistan on 17 March 1948, which was accepted on the same day.[ On 21 March 1948, the rulers of Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela all announced that they were acceding their states to the Dominion of Pakistan.][Siddiqi (2012), p. 60: "The rulers of the states of Kharan, Makran and Lasbela announced their decision to join the Pakistan dominion on 21 March 1948 and their respective rulers signed the official documents."]
Makran
Also on 17 March 1948, Makran acceded to Pakistan,[ and on 3 October 1952 it formed the Baluchistan States Union with Kalat, Kharan and Las Bela. Makran was dissolved on 14 October 1955, when it was merged into the province of West Pakistan. In 1970, the area of the former state was organized as the Makran District (later the Makran Division) of the province of Baluchistan.
]
Khanate of Kalat
The Khanate of Kalat, which covered the substantial area of , was reported in 1951 to have a population of 253,305.[Joseph Whitaker, ''Whitaker's Almanack 1951'', vol. 83 (1951), p. 754: "the following States have also acceded to Pakistan : ] Khanate of Kalat, Kalat, area , pop. 253.305; Kharan, area , pop. 33,83a; Las Best, , pop 69,067; The North West Frontier States of ]Amb
AMB may refer to:
* Active magnetic bearing
* Advanced Memory Buffer, used in Fully Buffered DIMM memory
* Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, one of the armed sections of the Palestinian Fatah movement
* Ambergate railway station, abbreviation used in th ...
, Chitral
Chitral ( khw, , lit=field, translit=ćhitrār; ur, , translit=ćitrāl) is situated on the Chitral River in northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Chitral District and before that as the capital of Chitral ...
, Dir." It remained fully independent from 15 August 1947 until 27 March 1948, when its ruler, Ahmad Yar Khan (1904–1979), finally acceded to Pakistan. On 3 October 1952 the state of Kalat entered into the Baluchistan States Union
The Baluchistan States Union or Balochistan States Union (BSU) was an administrative division of Pakistan that existed between 3 October 1952 and 14 October 1955 in the southwestern part of West Pakistan. It was formed by the four princely state ...
with three neighbouring states, Kharan, Las Bela, and Makran, with the Khan of Kalat at the head of the Union with the title of Khan-e-Azam. The Khanate came to an end on 14 October 1955, when it was incorporated into West Pakistan.
On 20 June 1958, Mir Sir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmedzai, the Khan of Kalat, declared Baluchistan
Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. ...
independent.[James Minahan, ''Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C'', vol. 1 (Greenwood Publishing, 2002, ), p. 258] On 6 October 1958, the Balochistan police captured the Kalat Palace and arrested the Khan for sedition. The next day, Iskandar Mirza
Sahibzada Iskander Ali Mirza ( bn, ইস্কান্দার আলী মির্জা; ur, ; 13 November 1899 – 13 November 1969), , was a Pakistani Bengali general officer and civil servant who was the first President of Pakistan. ...
declared martial law, which led to disturbances in Balochistan lasting about a year.[Mohammed Yousuf]
Balochistan Tango
at despardes.com The Khan was eventually forgiven and released.
See also
* Former administrative units of Pakistan
* Divisions of Pakistan
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
{{Pakistan topics
*
1974 disestablishments in Pakistan