In Europe, positive action are measures which are targeted at protected groups in order to enable or encourage members of those groups to overcome or minimise disadvantage; or to meet the different needs of the protected group; or to enable or encourage persons in protected groups to participate in an activity. In the United Kingdom in the

Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom passed during the Brown ministry with the primary purpose of consolidating, updating and supplementing the numerous prior Acts and Regulations, that formed the basis of anti-d ...

ss 158-159, the term is used in the context of employment to allow selection of a candidate from an "under-represented" group, so long as he or she is no less than equally qualified compared to another potential candidate that is not from the under-represented group.

European law

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of two treaties forming the Treaties of the European Union, constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), the other being the Treaty on European Union (TEU). It was previously ...

Article 157(4) *''

Kalanke v Freie Hansestadt Bremen ''Kalanke v Freie Hansestadt Bremen'' (1995) C-450/93 is a German and EU labour law case, concerning positive action. It was qualified in ''Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen ''Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen'' (1997) C-409/95 is a Ge ...

995 Year 995 (Roman numerals, CMXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * 17 May - Fujiwara no Michitaka (imperial regent) dies. * 3 June: Fujiwara no ...

IRLR 660,

996 Year 996 ( CMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * February - Chotoku Incident: Fujiwara no Korechika and Takaie shoot an arrow at Retired Em ...

ECR I-03051
C-450/93
*''

Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen ''Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen'' (1997) C-409/95 is a German and EU labour law case concerning positive action. Facts Marschall was a teacher. He applied for promotion and did not get it and a woman did. The school's rules allowed for p ...

997 Year 997 (Roman numerals, CMXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Japan * 1 February: Empress Teishi gives birth to Princess Shushi - she is the first ...

ECR I-06363
C-409/95
*''

Re Badeck’s application ''Re Badeck's application'' (2000C-158/97is a German and EU labour law case concerning positive action.E McGaughey, ''A Casebook on Labour Law'' (Hart 2019) ch 14, 618 Facts The First Minister and Attorney General of Hesse, CDU member Georg Bad ...

'' 0012 CMLR 6
C-158/97
*''

Abrahamsson and Anderson v Fogelqvist ''Abrahamsson and Anderson v Fogelqvist'' (2000C-407/98is a Swedish and EU labour law case, concerning positive action. Facts Mr Anderson was slightly better qualified than his three female competitors for the post of Professor of Hydrospheric ...

000 Triple zero, Triple Zero, Zero Zero Zero, Triple 0, Triple-0, 000, or 0-0-0 may refer to: * 000 (emergency telephone number), the Australian emergency telephone number * "Triple Zero", a song by AFI (band), AFI from ''Shut Your Mouth and Open Your ...

ECR I-05539
C-407/98

European law

See also