pipelines in Azerbaijan
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Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
is one of the birthplaces of the
oil industry The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products. The larges ...
and its history is linked to the fortunes of petroleum, with pipelines used from the late 19th century. The total length of the main pipeline in Azerbaijan is The centre of the country's oil industry and nexus of its pipelines are at Baku. The first oil pipeline was formed in Absheron district in connection with oil production in the country. The total length of the country's oil pipeline is more than , with 80% of it located in the
Absheron Economic Region The Absheron Economic Region is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan and comprises Baku and Sumgait cities and the Absheron and Khizi districts. The eastern part of the economic region is located on the shores of the Caspian ...
. Important oil pipelines within the republic include:
Shirvan Shirvan (from fa, شروان, translit=Shirvān; az, Şirvan; Tat: ''Şirvan''), also spelled as Sharvān, Shirwan, Shervan, Sherwan and Šervān, is a historical Iranian region in the eastern Caucasus, known by this name in both pre-Islam ...
–Baku (former Ali-Bayramly–Baku), ; Shirvan–Dashgil, ; Dubandi-Boyukshor, ; Dubandi-Keshla, ; Dashgil-Sangachal-Keshla, ; Buzovna-Sabunchu, ; and Binagadi-Keshla, .


Pipelines

There had been an oil industry at Baku since at least the 17th century. Beginning in the 19th century, pipelines were constructed to transport crude oil from the oil fields to the refineries. The first pipeline was constructed in 1878 by Baku Oil Refinery, connecting to Balakhani Mines. The Baku–Batumi oil pipeline was put into operation in the beginning of the 20th century. Oil and gas field exploitation in Absheron and the Caspian Sea required the construction of new pipelines to Baku. These main oil pipelines are Alibayramly–Baku, Neftdashlari–Baku, and Siyazan–Baku. Natural gas is transported through Garadagh–Agstafa, Garadagh–Baku, Siyazan–Baku, Neftdashlari–Baku, and Zira–Baku pipelines. The main route options for export pipelines (to Europe) are: * Baku-Batum pipeline (1897-1907) * Baku–Grozny–Novorossiysk ( the northern route) * Baku–Tbilisi–Supsa (the western route) * Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (main oil pipeline named after
Heydar Aliyev Heydar Alirza oghlu Aliyev ( az, Һејдәр Әлирза оғлу Әлијев, italic=no, Heydər Əlirza oğlu Əliyev, ; , ; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani politician who served as the third president of Az ...
) * Baku–Tbilisi–Erzurum gas pipeline (a.k.a.
Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline ( az, Transxəzər boru xətti, tk, Transhazar turbaly geçiriji) is a proposed subsea pipeline between Türkmenbaşy in Turkmenistan, and Baku in Azerbaijan. According to some proposals it would also include a c ...
)


Baku–Grozny–Tikhoretsk–Novorossiysk

The agreement for the northern route was signed on February 18, 1996, in Moscow. This pipeline transports Azerbaijani oil into the
Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. The total length of the Baku–Grozny–Tikhoretsk–Novorossiysk (BGTN) oil pipeline is , including in Azerbaijan. The transportation of Azerbaijani oil through the northern route started on October 25, 1997. A trilateral agreement signed among AIOC (Azerbaijan International Operating Company), SOCAR (State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic) and
Transneft Joint Stock Company Transneft (russian: Транснефть) is a state-controlled pipeline transport company headquartered in Moscow, Russia. It is the largest oil pipeline company in the world. Transneft is operating over of trunk pipeline ...
(the Russian state-owned pipeline company) includes all legal and technical issues of transportation of oil to Novorossiysk. Russia accepted in the agreement that the ownership of the oil remains with the producer, which is part of Azerbaijan's new oil strategy. It was intended to transport 2.5 thousand tons of crude oil per day through Dubandi–Boyukshor–Siyazan–Shirvanovka pipeline. 120 thousand tons of oil had been exported through the northern route by the end of 1997.


Baku–Tbilisi–Supsa

The second pipeline is the western route, Baku–Tbilisi–Supsa, made through an agreement between the presidents of Azerbaijan and
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
on March 8, 1996. It has a total length of with in Azerbaijan. It transports primary Azeri oil from
Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli (ACG, az, Azəri-Çıraq-Günəşli) or Azeri–Chirag–Deepwater Gunashli is a complex of oil fields in the Caspian Sea, about off the coast of Azerbaijan. It consists of the Azeri and Chirag oil fields, and the deep ...
fields through Baku. Trilateral contracts were signed among AIOC, SOCAR and the Georgian government. This line was put into operation on April 17, 1999, and exports 15 million tons of oil per year to Western countries It has lower operating costs than the northern route; transporting a ton of oil to Novorossiysk costs 15.67, but to Supsa is $13.14. From the Georgian port of Supsa, oil can then be shipped via the Bosporus.


Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan

The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline transports oil to the Turkish port of Ceyhan on the
Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
for export to European markets through the
Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa ...
. It has a total length of with in Azerbaijan, in Georgia and in Turkey. Since 2006, 50 million tons of oil per year is exported through this pipeline.


Baku–Tbilisi–Erzurum gas pipeline

A commercial agreement was signed on the sale of natural gas from
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...
to Turkey, carried via pipeline through Azerbaijan and Georgia to the Turkish port of Erzurum in Turkey, from where it will be sold to Europe. The pipeline was planned to be long with a capacity of 30 billion cubic metres per year.


Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline

The Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline (TANAP) is planned to transport natural gas across Turkey, expanding the capacity from the South Caucasus pipeline. It is to start in Azerbaijan and connect to several pipelines in the European Union. The projected cost of the pipeline and associated infrastructure is 7 billion. The first of four stages was to be completed in 2018. Planned capacity of the pipeline is 16 billion cubic meters in 2020, 23 billion cubic meters in 2023, and 31 billion cubic meters in 2026. During the first period, it is to be sold 10:6 to Europe and Turkey, with the European portion being transported through Turkey to Bulgaria or Greece.


Trans Adriatic gas pipeline

Wholly outside of Azerbaijan, the Trans Adriatic Pipeline project (TAP) would connect TANAP to European pipelines. The planned pipeline would connect to TANAP at the Greece–Turkey border, passing through Greece, Albania, and crossing the
Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to t ...
to Italy. In Italy, it is to connect with the "Snam Rete Gas" (SRG) network. The TAP project was chosen as the most direct way to export natural gas from Azerbaijan to European markets. An intergovernmental agreement was signed between Albania, Italy and Greece in February 2013.


References

{{commons category * http://www.petroleumworld.com/eveditorial-op18102901.htm Economy of Azerbaijan