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There are many different numbering schemes for assigning nominal numbers to entities. These generally require an agreed set of rules, or a central coordinator. The schemes can be considered to be examples of a
primary key In the relational model of databases, a primary key is a ''specific choice'' of a ''minimal'' set of attributes ( columns) that uniquely specify a tuple ( row) in a relation ( table). Informally, a primary key is "which attributes identify a recor ...
of a
database management system In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases ...
table, whose table definitions require a
database design Database design is the organization of data according to a database model. The designer determines what data must be stored and how the data elements interrelate. With this information, they can begin to fit the data to the database model.Teorey, T ...
. In
computability theory Computability theory, also known as recursion theory, is a branch of mathematical logic, computer science, and the theory of computation that originated in the 1930s with the study of computable functions and Turing degrees. The field has sinc ...
, the simplest numbering scheme is the assignment of
natural number In mathematics, the natural numbers are those numbers used for counting (as in "there are ''six'' coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the ''third'' largest city in the country"). Numbers used for counting are called '' cardinal ...
s to a
set Set, The Set, SET or SETS may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Mathematics *Set (mathematics), a collection of elements *Category of sets, the category whose objects and morphisms are sets and total functions, respectively Electro ...
of objects such as functions,
rational number In mathematics, a rational number is a number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction of two integers, a numerator and a non-zero denominator . For example, is a rational number, as is every integer (e.g. ). The set of all ra ...
s, graphs, or words in some
formal language In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules. The alphabet of a formal language consists of sym ...
. A numbering can be used to transfer the idea of computability and related concepts, which are originally defined on the natural numbers using computable functions, to these different types of objects. A simple extension is to assign
cardinal number In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the cardinality (size) of sets. The cardinality of a finite set is a natural number: the number of elements in the set. ...
s to physical objects according to the choice of some base of reference and of
measurement Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared ...
units for counting or measuring these objects within a given precision. In such case, numbering is a kind of
classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...
, i.e. assigning a numeric property to each object of the set to subdivide this set into related subsets forming a partition of the initial set, possibly infinite and not enumeratable using a single natural number for each class of the partition. In some cases (such as computing, time-telling, and in some countries the numbering of floors in buildings) zero-based numbering is used, where the first entity is assigned "zero" instead of "one". Other numbering schemes are listed by field below.


Chemistry

*
CAS registry number A CAS Registry Number (also referred to as CAS RN or informally CAS Number) is a unique identification number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), US to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. It inclu ...
s for chemical compounds * EC numbers for identifying
enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...
s * UN numbers for (classes of) hazardous substances *
E number E numbers ("E" stands for "Europe") are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly ...
s for
food additive Food additives are substances added to food to preserve Taste, flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Some additives have been used for centuries as part of an effort to preserve food, for example vinegar (pickling), sal ...
s


Communications

*The
E.164 E.164 is an international standard (ITU-T Recommendation), titled ''The international public telecommunication numbering plan'', that defines a numbering plan for the worldwide public switched telephone network (PSTN) and some other data network ...
numbering plan for
telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into e ...
numbers, including: **
Country calling code Country calling codes or country dial-in codes are telephone number prefixes for reaching telephone subscribers in the networks of the member countries or regions of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The codes are defined by the ...
s **
North American Numbering Plan The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1 and has the international calling ...
** Numbering plans by country ***Argentina:
Argentine telephone numbering plan In Argentina, area codes are two, three, or four digits long (after the initial zero). Local customer numbers are six to eight figures long. The total number of digits is ten, for example, phone number (11) 1234-5678 for Buenos Aires is made up o ...
***Australia:
Australian telephone numbering plan The Australian telephone numbering plan describes the allocation of phone numbers in Australia. It has changed many times, the most recent major reorganisation by the Australian Communications & Media Authority taking place between 1994 and ...
***China:
China telephone numbering plan Telephone numbers in China are organized according to the Chinese Telephone Code Plan. The numerical formats of landlines and mobile phones are different: landlines have area codes, whereas mobile phones do not. In major cities, landline numbers ...
***France:
French telephone numbering plan The French telephone numbering plan is used in Metropolitan France, French overseas departments and some overseas collectivities. France uses a ten-digit closed numbering plan, where the first two digits denote a geographic area, mobile or non-g ...
***Hong Kong: Hong Kong telephone numbering plan ***India: India telephone numbering plan ***Japan:
Japanese telephone numbering plan Telephone numbers in Japan consist of an area code, an exchange number, and a subscriber number. Dialing prefixes * 001, 00xx, 002xx, 0091xx Carrier selection prefix * 184 Prefix to withhold caller ID * 186 Prefix to provide caller ID Types o ...
***Singapore: Singapore telephone numbering plan ***United Kingdom:
UK telephone numbering plan Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom are administered by the Office of Communications ( Ofcom). For this purpose, Ofcom established a telephone numbering plan, known as the ''National Telephone Numbering Plan'', which is the system for as ...
***Germany: German telephone numbering plan *The
IP address An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as that is connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.. Updated by . An IP address serves two main functions: network interface ident ...
allocation scheme (
IANA The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a standards organization that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Interne ...
) *The DNIC prefixes of
X.25 X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, now ITU-T) in a series of drafts a ...
NUAs (Network User Address) assigned by the
ITU The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Union ...
* Object identifiers (OID)


Products

* The GS1 numbering scheme, including ** GTIN for products, which includes the UPC and EAN-13 barcodes **
ISBN The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier that is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. An ISBN is assigned to each separate edition a ...
codes for books **
ISSN An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs a ...
codes for periodicals *
Vehicle identification number A vehicle identification number (VIN) (also called a chassis number or frame number) is a unique code, including a serial number, used by the automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters ...
*
Stock keeping unit In inventory management, a stock keeping unit (abbreviated as SKU and pronounced or ) is the unit of measure in which the stocks of a material are managed. Or to put it another way; is a distinct type of item for sale, purchased, or tracked in ...
(SKU)


People


Identification numbers

*National identification numbers ** Personal Numeric Code (Romania) ** Personal identification number (Denmark) **
Social Security number (United States) In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to United States nationality law, U.S. citizens, Permanent residence (United States), permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2 ...
** Social Insurance Number (Canada) ** INSEE number (France) **
National Insurance National Insurance (NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their fami ...
number (United Kingdom) ** Aadhaar (India) *
Personal Public Service Number The Personal Public Service Number (PPS Number) ( ga, Uimhir Phearsanta Seirbhíse Poiblí, or ) is an identifier issued by the Client Identity Services section of the Department of Social Protection, on behalf of the Minister for Social Protect ...
(Republic of Ireland) *
Tax file number A tax file number (TFN) is a unique identifier issued by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to each taxpaying entity — an individual, company, superannuation fund, partnership, or trust. Not all individuals have a TFN, and a business has both a ...
(Australia) *
Unique Master Citizen Number Unique Master Citizen Number ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jedinstveni matični broj građana, Јединствени матични број грађана, separator=" / ", JMBG / ЈМБГ, mk, Единствен матичен број на граѓанин� ...
(former Yugoslavia) *
Det Centrale Personregister Det Centrale Personregister (CPR; kl, Inunnik Qitiusumik Nalunaarsuiffik, en, Civil Registration System) is the Realm of Denmark's nationwide civil registry. Established in 1968, the registry contains the name, address, Danish personal identifi ...
(Denmark)


Ordinals for names

* Regnal numbers **
Princes of Reuss Reuss (german: Reuß , ) was the name of several historical states located in present-day Thuringia, Germany. Several lordships of the Holy Roman Empire which arose after 1300 and became Imperial Counties from 1673 and Imperial Principalities ...
** Popes' ordinals * Generational ordinal suffix to names


Topics

* Dewey Decimal Classification and Universal Decimal Classification for books * West American Digest System legal topic numbering scheme


Geography and transport

*
Postal code A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal ...
s ** ZIP codes * Geocodes (used also as ''fine-grained postal codes''): ** Geohash ** Open Location Code * Global Location Numbers by GS1 * FIPS place codes * House numbering schemes *
Floor numbering A storey (British English) or story (American English) is any level part of a building with a floor that could be used by people (for living, work, storage, recreation, etc.). Plurals for the word are ''storeys'' (UK) and ''stories'' (US). ...
* Room number * Line number * See also: Country code;
Address (geography) An address is a collection of information, presented in a mostly fixed format, used to give the location of a building, apartment, or other structure or a plot of land, generally using political boundaries and street names as references, along ...
.


Vehicles

*
Vehicle registration plate A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English), license plate (American English), or licence plate (Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identificat ...
s *
British Carriage and Wagon Numbering and Classification A number of different numbering and classification schemes have been used for carriages and wagons on Britain's railways, and this page explains the principal systems. Carriages and wagons (either not self-propelled, or part of a multiple unit wh ...
* British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification *
UIC classification of goods wagons This list contains the UIC classification of goods wagons and their meanings. The description is made up of a category letter (in capitals) and usually several index letters (in lower case). The international system for the classification of good ...


Roads

Road numbering schemes * Arlington County, Virginia, street-naming system *
China road numbering A route (or road) number, designation or abbreviation is an identifying numeric (or alphanumeric) designation assigned by a highway authority to a particular stretch of roadway to distinguish it from other routes and, in many cases, also to indica ...
* Great Britain road numbering scheme * European route by UNECE *
Numbered highways in the United States Highways in the United States are split into at least four different types of systems: Interstate Highways, U.S. Highways, state highways, and county highways. Highways are generally organized by a route number or letter. These designations are ge ...
* Edmonton, Alberta#Street layout *
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
* Highways in Australia#Route numbering systems


Others/general

* API well numbers for numbering
oil and gas A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. The main fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels ...
wells in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
* Bank card number * International Bank Account Number * International Geo Sample Number (IGSN) *
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally used diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is the directing and coordinating ...
for
disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...
s *The
MAC address A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use is common in most IEEE 802 networking te ...
allocation scheme for hardware addresses of certain networking products * National Animal Identification System * National Pokédex *The NSAP allocation scheme *
Post office box A post office box (commonly abbreviated as P.O. box, or also known as a postal box) is a uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office. In some regions, particularly in Africa, there is no door to door delivery ...
*
Production code number A production code number, also known as the production code (PC) or episode code is an alphanumeric designation used to uniquely identify episodes within a television series. It is also broadly used for other identification purposes where a unique ...
*
Stamp numbering system Philatelists' traditional method of identifying postage stamps uniquely has long been to number each country's stamps consecutively; Norway #1 is the 4-skilling blue stamp issued in 1855, and so forth. However, this seemingly straightforward numbe ...
* Wikipedia markup syntax for numbered lists


See also

*
naming scheme In computing, naming schemes are often used for objects connected into computer networks. Naming schemes in computing Server naming is a common tradition. It makes it more convenient to refer to a machine by name than by its IP address. The CIA ...
*
Digital Object Identifier A digital object identifier (DOI) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System; the ...
* Pagination ** Stephanus pagination for works of Plato **
Bekker numbers Bekker numbering or Bekker pagination is the standard form of citation to the works of Aristotle. It is based on the page numbers used in the Prussian Academy of Sciences edition of the complete works of Aristotle and takes its name from the ed ...
for the works of Aristotle * Persistent identifier *
Unique identifier A unique identifier (UID) is an identifier that is guaranteed to be unique among all identifiers used for those objects and for a specific purpose. The concept was formalized early in the development of computer science and information systems ...
* UUID


References

{{Authority control *