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Non-monogamy (or nonmonogamy) is an
OED Online
March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf
Monogamy
in Merriam-Webster Dictionary It is not synonymous with infidelity, since all parties are consenting to the relationship structure, partners are often committed to each other as well as to their other partners and cheating is still considered problematic behavior with many non-monogamous relationships. More specifically, "nonmonogamy" indicates forms of interpersonal relationship, intentionally undertaken, in which demands for Infidelity, exclusivity (of sexual interaction or emotional connection, for example) are Attenuation, attenuated or eliminated, and individuals may form multiple and simultaneous Human sexuality, sexual and/or Romance (love), romantic bonds. This stands in contrast to monogamy, yet may arise from the same Psychology of sexual monogamy, psychology. According to Jessica Fern, a psychologist and the author of ''Polysecure: Attachment, Trauma and Consensual Nonmonogamy'', as of September 2020, about 4% of Americans, nearly 16 million people, are "practising a non-monogamous style of relationship" while the a 2016 study said that over 21% of Americans engaged in consensual non-monogamy at "some point in their lifetime." In January 2020, a YouGov poll found that about one-third of US adults believe that "their ideal relationship is non-monogamous to some degree."
Forms of non-monogamy are varied. They include a ''casual relationship'', sometimes called friends with benefits, which is a primarily physical relationship between two people with low expectations of commitment or emotional labor, and an ''open relationship'' (incl. open marriage), referring to one or both members of a committed (or married) couple have the express freedom to become sexually active with others, Other forms include sexual activities involving more than two participants at the same time, referring to ''group sex'' ''orgy, orgies'', and ''threesome, threesomes'', a primarily sexual arrangement involving three people. There's also ''relationship anarchy'' where participants are not bound by set rules in relationships other than whatever is explicitly agreed upon by the people involved, and ''Swinging (sexual practice), swinging'', which refers to similar to an organized social activity, often involving some form of group sex and sometimes simply trading partners with other swingers. There's also concepts such as Polyfidelity, where participants have multiple partners but restrict sexual activity to within a certain group, and a situation where there is a main romantic relationship with all other relationships being second to it, known as primary/secondary. One of the most well-known forms is ''polygamy'', where one person is married to multiple partners. This has two primary sub-forms: ''polyandry'' where a woman has multiple husbands, group marriage, group or conjoint marriage, and ''polygyny'', referring to a man has multiple wives. The latter is more widespread in Africa than in any other continent, especially in West Africa and in North America, it is practiced by some Mormon sects, such as the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church).
Although its sometimes confused with it, there is ''polyamory'', referring to when participants have multiple romantic partners It comes in various forms, such as ''hierarchical polyamory'', where there is a primary romantic relationship with all other relationships being secondary to it, ''kitchen table polyamory'' which refers to people are expected to know one another and be comfortable in each others' company, and ''parallel polyamory'', with relationships between people who are kept separately, all may be aware of each other, but are not expected to be friends. There is also ''group marriage'', where several people form a single familial unit and each person considered to be married to all other members. ''Line families'' are a form of group marriage intended to outlive its original members by ongoing addition of new spouses and ''poly families'', which is similar to group marriage, but some members may not consider themselves married to all other members.
Michael Shernoff cites two studies in his report on same-sex couples considering non-monogamy. Morin (1999) stated that a couple has a very good chance of adjusting to non-exclusivity if at least some of the following conditions exist. This includes both partners wanting their relationship to remain primary, the couple having an established reservoir of good will, and a minimum of lingering resentments from past hurts and betrayals. Other conditions
include the partners in agreement on the question of monogamy/non-monogamy and the partners feeling similarly powerful and autonomous. Additionally, Green and Mitchell (2002) stated that direct discussion of the following issues can provide the basis for honest and important conversations, including openness versus secrecy, volition and equality versus coercion and inequality. Other issues include clarity and specificity of agreements versus confusion/vagueness, honoring keeping agreements versus violating them, and how each partner views non-monogamy. According to Shernoff, if the matter is discussed with a third party, such as a therapist, the task of the therapist is to "engage couples in conversations that let them decide for themselves whether sexual exclusivity or non-exclusivity is functional or dysfunctional for the relationship."
The concepts of ''monogamy'' and ''marriage'' have been strongly intertwined for centuries, and in English-language dictionaries one is often used to define the other, as when "monogamy" is "being married to one person at a time." A common Opposite (semantics), antonym is polygamy, meaning to have more than one spouse at one time. As a result, monogamy is deeply entrenched within many religions, and in social regulations and law, and exceptions are condemned as incursions on both morality and public health.
To some, the term ''non-monogamy'' Semantics, semantically implies that monogamy is the norm, with other forms of relational intimacy being deviance (sociology), deviant and therefore somehow unhealthy or Immorality, immoral. This concern over sexually transmitted diseases is despite the common practice of regular testing and sharing of recent test results prior to engaging in sexual activity.
It is often assumed that people who participate in non-monogamous sexual relationships have a higher rate of STIs. Despite reporting a higher number of sexual partners, research suggests that the risk of transmitting STIs is no higher than they are among the monogamous population. This is because the non-monogamous community is more likely to be regularly tested and more open about their results. The stigma of receiving a positive result is diminished, resulting in better treatment options and fewer people who are unwittingly transmitting the disease because they were not told by the person who gave it to them.
umbrella term
In linguistics, semantics, general semantics, and ontologies, hyponymy () is a semantic relation between a hyponym denoting a subtype and a hypernym or hyperonym (sometimes called umbrella term or blanket term) denoting a supertype. In other wor ...
for every practice or philosophy of non- dyadic intimate relationship
An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy. Although an intimate relationship is commonly a sexual relationship, it may also be a non-sexual relationship involving family, friends, or ...
that does not strictly hew to the standards of monogamy, particularly that of having only one person with whom to exchange sex, love, and/or affection. In that sense, "nonmonogamy" may be accurately applied to extramarital sex, group marriage, or polyamory.Cf. "Monogamy" in ''Britannica World Language Dictionary'', R.C. Preble (ed.), Oxford-London 1962, p. 1275:''1. The practice or principle of marrying only once. opp. to digamy now ''rare'' 2. The condition, rule or custom of being married to only one person at a time (opp. to polygamy or bigamy) 1708. 3. Zoology, Zool. The habit of living in pairs, or having only one mate''; The same text repeats ''The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', W. Little, H.W. Fowler, J. Coulson (ed.), C.T. Onions (rev. & ed.,) Oxford 1969, 3rd edition, vol.1, p.1275OED Online
March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf
Monogamy
in Merriam-Webster Dictionary It is not synonymous with infidelity, since all parties are consenting to the relationship structure, partners are often committed to each other as well as to their other partners and cheating is still considered problematic behavior with many non-monogamous relationships. More specifically, "nonmonogamy" indicates forms of interpersonal relationship, intentionally undertaken, in which demands for Infidelity, exclusivity (of sexual interaction or emotional connection, for example) are Attenuation, attenuated or eliminated, and individuals may form multiple and simultaneous Human sexuality, sexual and/or Romance (love), romantic bonds. This stands in contrast to monogamy, yet may arise from the same Psychology of sexual monogamy, psychology. According to Jessica Fern, a psychologist and the author of ''Polysecure: Attachment, Trauma and Consensual Nonmonogamy'', as of September 2020, about 4% of Americans, nearly 16 million people, are "practising a non-monogamous style of relationship" while the a 2016 study said that over 21% of Americans engaged in consensual non-monogamy at "some point in their lifetime." In January 2020, a YouGov poll found that about one-third of US adults believe that "their ideal relationship is non-monogamous to some degree."
Terminology
Many terms for non-monogamous practices are vague, being based on criteria such as "Interpersonal relationship, relationship" or "love" that are themselves subjectively defined. There are forms of non-monogamy whose practitioners set themselves apart by qualifiers, such as "''ethically'' non-monogamous" which intends a distancing from the Deception, deceit or subterfuge they perceive in common Infidelity, cheating and adultery. This usage creates distinctions beyond the definitions of the words. For example, though some relations might literally be both polygamous and polyamorous, ''polygamy'' usually signifies a codified form of multiple marriage, based on established religious teachings such as Plural marriage, a form of polygyny associated with the Latter Day Saint movement in the 19th-century and with present-day splinter groups from that faith, as well as Evangelicalism, evangelical sects that advocate Christian Plural Marriage. ''Polyamory'' is based on the preferences of the participants rather than social custom or established precedent. There is no one 'right' way to engage in non-monogamy (although there are widely agreed on 'wrong' ways). Because of this, the terms for the various kinds of relationships can be vague and sometimes interchangeable. but there are some distinctions that are worth defining. For example, swingers may intentionally avoid emotional and social connection to those—other than their primary partner—with whom they have sex, so may or may not be polyamorous but are non-monogamous. Some useful terms are ''Metamour or Meta'', the common term for a person with whom a partner is shared, ''V-Structure'', one person is equally involved with two partners, and ''Triad (relationship), Triads / Quads''. The latter is when three or four participants make up the primary partnership.
Forms of non-monogamy are varied. They include a ''casual relationship'', sometimes called friends with benefits, which is a primarily physical relationship between two people with low expectations of commitment or emotional labor, and an ''open relationship'' (incl. open marriage), referring to one or both members of a committed (or married) couple have the express freedom to become sexually active with others, Other forms include sexual activities involving more than two participants at the same time, referring to ''group sex'' ''orgy, orgies'', and ''threesome, threesomes'', a primarily sexual arrangement involving three people. There's also ''relationship anarchy'' where participants are not bound by set rules in relationships other than whatever is explicitly agreed upon by the people involved, and ''Swinging (sexual practice), swinging'', which refers to similar to an organized social activity, often involving some form of group sex and sometimes simply trading partners with other swingers. There's also concepts such as Polyfidelity, where participants have multiple partners but restrict sexual activity to within a certain group, and a situation where there is a main romantic relationship with all other relationships being second to it, known as primary/secondary. One of the most well-known forms is ''polygamy'', where one person is married to multiple partners. This has two primary sub-forms: ''polyandry'' where a woman has multiple husbands, group marriage, group or conjoint marriage, and ''polygyny'', referring to a man has multiple wives. The latter is more widespread in Africa than in any other continent, especially in West Africa and in North America, it is practiced by some Mormon sects, such as the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church).
Although its sometimes confused with it, there is ''polyamory'', referring to when participants have multiple romantic partners It comes in various forms, such as ''hierarchical polyamory'', where there is a primary romantic relationship with all other relationships being secondary to it, ''kitchen table polyamory'' which refers to people are expected to know one another and be comfortable in each others' company, and ''parallel polyamory'', with relationships between people who are kept separately, all may be aware of each other, but are not expected to be friends. There is also ''group marriage'', where several people form a single familial unit and each person considered to be married to all other members. ''Line families'' are a form of group marriage intended to outlive its original members by ongoing addition of new spouses and ''poly families'', which is similar to group marriage, but some members may not consider themselves married to all other members.
Favorable preexisting conditions before non-monogamy
Michael Shernoff cites two studies in his report on same-sex couples considering non-monogamy. Morin (1999) stated that a couple has a very good chance of adjusting to non-exclusivity if at least some of the following conditions exist. This includes both partners wanting their relationship to remain primary, the couple having an established reservoir of good will, and a minimum of lingering resentments from past hurts and betrayals. Other conditions
include the partners in agreement on the question of monogamy/non-monogamy and the partners feeling similarly powerful and autonomous. Additionally, Green and Mitchell (2002) stated that direct discussion of the following issues can provide the basis for honest and important conversations, including openness versus secrecy, volition and equality versus coercion and inequality. Other issues include clarity and specificity of agreements versus confusion/vagueness, honoring keeping agreements versus violating them, and how each partner views non-monogamy. According to Shernoff, if the matter is discussed with a third party, such as a therapist, the task of the therapist is to "engage couples in conversations that let them decide for themselves whether sexual exclusivity or non-exclusivity is functional or dysfunctional for the relationship."
Public health and morality
The concepts of ''monogamy'' and ''marriage'' have been strongly intertwined for centuries, and in English-language dictionaries one is often used to define the other, as when "monogamy" is "being married to one person at a time." A common Opposite (semantics), antonym is polygamy, meaning to have more than one spouse at one time. As a result, monogamy is deeply entrenched within many religions, and in social regulations and law, and exceptions are condemned as incursions on both morality and public health.
To some, the term ''non-monogamy'' Semantics, semantically implies that monogamy is the norm, with other forms of relational intimacy being deviance (sociology), deviant and therefore somehow unhealthy or Immorality, immoral. This concern over sexually transmitted diseases is despite the common practice of regular testing and sharing of recent test results prior to engaging in sexual activity.
It is often assumed that people who participate in non-monogamous sexual relationships have a higher rate of STIs. Despite reporting a higher number of sexual partners, research suggests that the risk of transmitting STIs is no higher than they are among the monogamous population. This is because the non-monogamous community is more likely to be regularly tested and more open about their results. The stigma of receiving a positive result is diminished, resulting in better treatment options and fewer people who are unwittingly transmitting the disease because they were not told by the person who gave it to them.
See also
*Plaçage *Sexual revolution * Adultery * ''Family: the web series'' * Consensual non-monogamy * Group sex * List of polyamorists * List of polyamorous characters in fiction * Polyday * Romantic orientation * Sociosexual orientation * ''The Four Loves'' (Book)References
{{Reflist Sexual fidelity Intimate relationships