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''National question'' is a term used for a variety of issues related to
nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...
. It is seen especially often in socialist thought and doctrine.


In socialism

* ''Social Democracy and the National Question'' by
Vladimir Medem Vladimir Davidovich Medem, né ''Grinberg'' (, ; 30 July 1879 in Liepāja, Russian Empire – 9 January 1923 in New York City), was a Russian Jewish politician and ideologue of the Jewish Labour Bund. The Medem Library in Paris, the largest ...
in 1904 * ''Social Democracy and the Nationalities Question'' by
Otto Bauer Otto Bauer (5 September 1881 – 4 July 1938) was one of the founders and leading thinkers of the left-socialist Austromarxists who sought a middle ground between social democracy and revolutionary socialism. He was a member of the Austrian Parl ...
in 1907 * ''The Nationalities Question'' by
Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (; ; pl, Róża Luksemburg or ; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialism, revolutionary socialist, Marxism, Marxist philosopher and anti-war movement, anti-war activist. Succ ...
in 1909 * ''Theses on the National Question'', writings by
Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...
in 1913, first published in 1925 * ''The Problem of Nationalities'', Chapter 39 of
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...
's ''History of the Russia Revolution Volume 3: The Triumph of the Soviets''"Leon Trotsky, The History of the Russian Revolution"
* ''
Marxism and the National Question Marxism is a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical ...
'', a 1913 pamphlet by
Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet Union, Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as Ge ...
on the definition and roles of nations within Marxism * '' Zur nationalen Frage in Österreich'', a 1937 articles by
Alfred Klahr Alfred Klahr (16 September 1904 – 1944) was an Austrian communist politician, journalist and historian. He was a leading Marxist intellectual and theorist in the First Austrian Republic. Biography Alfred Klahr was born on 16 September 1904 ...
on Austria * ''On the Question of Nationalities in Ethiopia'' by Wallelign Mekonnen in 1969


Other national questions

* Adriatic question * Armenian question *
Aromanian question The Aromanian question ( el, Αρωμουνικό ζήτημα, Aromounikó zítima; ro, Chestiunea aromână), also sometimes known as the "Vlach question", refers to the historical and current division of the ethnic identity of the Aromanians, m ...
* Bessarabian question *
Croatian question The Croatian question () refers to a political, cultural, social and economical status of Croats in Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia and post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first steps towards Croat home rule were made ...
* Eastern question **
Greek Plan The Greek Plan or Greek Project () was an early solution to the Eastern Question which was advanced by Catherine the Great in the early 1780s. It envisaged the partition of the Ottoman Empire between the Russian and Habsburg Empires followed ...
**
Thracian question The Thracian question is the question of the territory, population and historical heritage of Thrace. The Thracian question is part of the Eastern Question. History The Thracian question is an integral part of the Bulgarian national question ...
*
German question The "German question" was a debate in the 19th century, especially during the Revolutions of 1848, over the best way to achieve a unification of all or most lands inhabited by Germans. From 1815 to 1866, about 37 independent German-speaking sta ...
* Irish question *
Jewish question The Jewish question, also referred to as the Jewish problem, was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century European society that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews. The debate, which was similar to other " national ...
* Kaliningrad question * Karelian question *
Kurdish question Kurdish nationalism (, ) is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoman ...
** Mosul question *
Macedonian question The region of Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Paleolithic times. Еarliest historical inhabitants The earliest historical inhabitants of the region were the Pelasgians, the Bryges and the Thracians. The Pelasgians occupied E ...
*
Polish question The Polish question ( pl, kwestia polska or ) was the issue, in international politics, of the existence of Poland as an independent state. Raised soon after the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, it became a question current in Euro ...
* Quebec national question * Roman question *
Schleswig-Holstein question Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schl ...
*
Serbian question ''Serbian question'' ( sr, / ) refers to several periods in Serbian history and diplomatic history. *Establishment of a Serb nation-state, leading up to the Serbian Revolution. *Official recognition of Revolutionary Serbia as the Principality o ...
* Ukraininan question, see
Little Russia Little Russia (russian: Малороссия/Малая Россия, Malaya Rossiya/Malorossiya; uk, Малоросія/Мала Росія, Malorosiia/Mala Rosiia), also known in English as Malorussia, Little Rus' (russian: Малая Ру� ...
and
Russification of Ukraine The Russification of Ukraine ( uk, зросі́йщення Украї́ни, zrosiishchennia Ukrayiny; russian: русификация Украины, translit=rusifikatsiya Ukrainy) was a body of laws, decrees, and other actions undertaken by t ...
*
Wendish question The Wendish question ( hu, Vendkérdés, sl, Vendsko vprašanje, Prekmurje dialect: ''Vendsko pítanje,'' or ''Vendiško pitanje'') in Hungarian Nationalist and Chauvinist politics concerns the origin and nomenclature of the Hungarian Sloven ...
*
West Lothian question The West Lothian question, also known as the English question, is a political issue in the United Kingdom. It concerns the question of whether MPs from Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales who sit in the House of Commons should be able to vote ...
* "Question of
Western Sahara Western Sahara ( '; ; ) is a disputed territory on the northwest coast and in the Maghreb region of North and West Africa. About 20% of the territory is controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), while the ...
", the title of two United Nations resolutions: ** United Nations General Assembly Resolution 34/37 ** United Nations General Assembly Resolution 40/50


See also

* National liberation (Marxism) *
Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question "Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question" is an essay by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle. It was first published anonymously in '' Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country'' of London in December 1849, and was re ...
*
Self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a '' jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It sta ...
*
The Race Question The Race Question is the first of four UNESCO statements about issues of race. It was issued on 18 July 1950 following World War II and Nazi racism to clarify what was scientifically known about race, and as a moral condemnation of racism.< ...
*
Wars of national liberation Wars of national liberation or national liberation revolutions are conflicts fought by nations to gain independence. The term is used in conjunction with wars against foreign powers (or at least those perceived as foreign) to establish separa ...


References


Further reading

* Case, Holly. ''The Age of Questions'' (Princeton University Press, 2018)
excerpt


External links

{{Commons category

Archive at
marxists.org Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich En ...