In the
Netherlands, the municipal executive (, ) is the executive board of a
municipality.
It plays a central role in
municipal politics in the Netherlands, similar to the
communal college in Belgium. It consists of the
mayor and the members of the municipal executive (
aldermen
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members the ...
).
Composition
Mayor
The mayor (, sometimes translated as '
burgomaster
Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally "master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, master of the citizens") is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief ...
') is the chairperson of the municipal executive, and therefore holds the
casting vote
A casting vote is a vote that someone may exercise to resolve a tied vote in a deliberative body. A casting vote is typically by the presiding officer of a council, legislative body, committee, etc., and may only be exercised to break a deadlock ...
in the event of a tie.
Their role is comparable to the roles of the
Prime Minister in the
cabinet
Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to:
Furniture
* Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers
* Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets
* Filin ...
, the
King's Commissioner in the
provincial executives, and the
lieutenant governor in the
executive councils of the
Caribbean Netherlands
The Caribbean Netherlands (, ) are the three #Administration, special municipalities of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean Sea. They consist of the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (island), Saba,"Bonaire, Sint Eustatius ...
.
The mayor is appointed by the
monarch (''de facto'' by the
Minister of the Interior
An interior minister (sometimes called a minister of internal affairs or minister of home affairs) is a cabinet official position that is responsible for internal affairs, such as public security, civil registration and identification, emergency ...
) for a renewable six-year term.
Like the aldermen, the mayor has a portfolio, which always includes public order and safety. Most mayors are members of a
political party, but they are expected to carry out their tasks in a
non-partisan
Nonpartisanism is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a political party.
While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of ''partisan'' includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers sp ...
manner.
Aldermen
The aldermen (also alderwomen or alderpersons; )
are the board members of the municipal executive. Their role is comparable to the roles of the
ministers in the cabinet and the deputies in the provincial executives. Other common translations include deputy mayors, vice mayors and portfolio holders,
although the former titles may be reserved for aldermen who are empowered to act for the mayor in their absence ().
After every municipal election, the aldermen are elected to the municipal executive by the members of the
municipal council
A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural council ...
.
Usually, they elect sitting members of the municipal council, but it is also possible to nominate people from outside the council. Unlike
aldermen in English-speaking countries, ''wethouders'' cannot simultaneously be members of the municipal council.
Therefore, municipal councillors must resign their seats when they are elected into the office of alderman. The municipal council also holds the power to remove an alderman from office by means of a
motion of no confidence
A motion of no confidence, also variously called a vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, motion of confidence, or vote of confidence, is a statement or vote about whether a person in a position of responsibility like in government or mana ...
.
The aldermen are assigned portfolios within the municipal executive and, in this capacity, prepare, coordinate, and plan policy and legislation for the council as a whole.
They are also charged with the day-to-day government of the municipality and the implementation of legislation.
The aldermen report to the municipal council on all aspects of what is happening within their portfolios. The municipal executive functions as a committee that reaches decisions by way of consensus.
According to the Municipality Act (''Gemeentewet''), the number of aldermen cannot exceed 20% of the number of members of the municipal council, but there must be at least two. In Dutch municipalities with 18,000 inhabitants or less, the office of alderman is a part-time position. In larger municipalities, the office is a full-time position, but the municipal council may opt to designate one or more portfolios as part-time positions, in which case the maximum number of aldermen is 25% of the number of municipal councillors.
Municipal secretary
The municipal secretary (), who is chosen by the municipal executive, is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the municipal executive and assists with administrative matters.
Party politics
Political parties play an active role in municipal politics in the Netherlands. The party with the most members on the municipal council is considered to be in control of the municipal government. Usually, none of the parties wins an absolute majority, so
coalitions
A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces.
Formation
According to ''A Gui ...
have to be formed. Since the council members vote for the members of the municipal executive, the municipal executive is also chosen along party lines. As a result, two different types of municipal executives exist:
* A "manifesto-based executive" (''programmacollege'') is elected on the basis of a
manifesto by a majority vote of all members of the municipal council. Most municipal executives in the Netherlands are manifesto-based.
* A "mirror executive" (''afspiegelingscollege'') is an executive whose composition reflects the distribution of the major parties in the municipal council. For example, if the members of the municipal council are evenly split between three mainstream parties, the members of the executive board will also be evenly split between these three parties.
Alliances
Municipal councillors sometimes form party-based coalitions and vote in
blocs to prevent members of opposing political parties from joining the executive board. This means that a party that does well in the municipal election may not be represented in the municipal executive. For example, from 2002 to 2006, the municipal executive of
Rotterdam consisted of aldermen from right-wing parties (
CDA,
VVD
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a conservative-liberal Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 political party i ...
and
Leefbaar Rotterdam), while the
Labour Party had been the second largest party in the municipal council. In
Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...
, the left-wing parties (Labour Party,
Socialist Party and
Groenlinks) kept members of right-wing parties out of the executive, despite a strong performance in the 2006 election.
Notes
References
{{Local government in the Netherlands
Government of the Netherlands
Dutch political institutions
Local government in the Netherlands