Mastigonemes are
lateral "hairs" that attach to protistan
flagella. Flimsy hairs attach to the flagella of
euglenid flagellates, while stiff hairs occur in
stramenopile and
cryptophyte protists.
[Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. and Jahns, H. M. (1995). ]
Algae : An introduction to phycology
', Cambridge University Press, UK. Stramenopile hairs are approximately 15
nm in diameter, and usually consist of flexible basal part that inserts into the cell membrane, a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller "hairs". They reverse the thrust caused when a flagellum beats. The consequence is that the cell is drawn into the water and particles of food are drawn to the surface of heterotrophic species.
Typology of flagella with hairs:
*whiplash flagella (= smooth, acronematic flagella): without hairs but may have extensions , e.g., in
Opisthokonta
*hairy flagella (= tinsel, flimmer, pleuronematic flagella): with hairs (= mastigonemes ''sensu lato''), divided in:
**with fine hairs (= non tubular, or simple hairs): occurs in
Euglenophyceae,
Dinoflagellata, some
Haptophyceae
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for ''Prymnesium''), are a clade of algae.
The names Haptophyceae or Prymnesiophyceae are sometimes used instead. This ending implies classification at ...
(
Pavlovales
:
Pavlovaceae is a family of haptophyte
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for ''Prymnesium''), are a clade of algae.
The names Haptophyceae or Prymnesiophyceae are sometimes used in ...
)
**with stiff hairs (= tubular hairs, retronemes, mastigonemes ''sensu stricto''), divided in:
***bipartite hairs: with two regions. Occurs in
Cryptophyceae,
Prasinophyceae, and some
Heterokonta
***tripartite (= straminipilous) hairs: with three regions (a base, a tubular shaft, and one or more terminal hairs). Occurs in most
Heterokonta/
Stramenopiles
Observations of mastigonemes using
light microscopy dates from the nineteenth century. Considered
artifacts by some, their existence would be confirmed with
electron microscopy.
[Bouck, G.B. 1971. The structure, origin, and comnposition of the tubular mastigonemes of the Ochromonas flagellum. J. Cell. Biol., 50: 362-384]
References
Algal anatomy
Heterokonts
Flagellates
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