manganocene
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Manganocene or bis(cyclopentadienyl)manganese(II) is an organomanganese compound with the formula n(C5H5)2sub>n. It is a
thermochromic Thermochromism is the property of substances to change color due to a change in temperature. A mood ring is an excellent example of this phenomenon, but thermochromism also has more practical uses, such as baby bottles which change to a differen ...
solid that degrades rapidly in air. Although the compound is of little utility, it is often discussed as an example of a
metallocene A metallocene is a compound typically consisting of two cyclopentadienyl anions (, abbreviated Cp) bound to a metal center (M) in the oxidation state II, with the resulting general formula Closely related to the metallocenes are the metallocene d ...
with ionic character.


Synthesis and structure

It may be prepared in the manner common for other metallocenes, i.e., by reaction of
manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride is the dichloride salt of manganese, MnCl2. This inorganic chemical exists in the anhydrous form, as well as the di hydrate (MnCl2·2H2O) and tetrahydrate (MnCl2·4H2O), with the tetrahydrate being the most common form. Li ...
with
sodium cyclopentadienide Sodium cyclopentadienide is an organosodium compound with the formula C5H5Na. The compound is often abbreviated as NaCp, where Cp− is the cyclopentadienide anion. Sodium cyclopentadienide is a colorless solid, although samples often are p ...
: : MnCl2 + 2 CpNa → Cp2Mn + 2 NaCl In the solid state below 159 °C, manganocene adopts a polymeric structure with every manganese atom coordinated by three cyclopentadienyl ligands, two of which are bridging ligands. Above 159 °C, the solid changes color from amber to pink and the polymer converts to the structure of a normal sandwich complex, i.e., the molecule Mn(η5-C5H5)2.


Reactions

The ionic character of manganocene gives it an unusual pattern of reactivities compared to metallocenes of other transition metals in the same row. It is kinetically labile, being readily
hydrolysed Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile. Biological hydrolysis ...
by water or
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbol ...
, and readily forms
adduct An adduct (from the Latin ''adductus'', "drawn toward" alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all co ...
s with two- or four-electron Lewis bases. Manganocene polymerizes ethylene to high molecular weight linear
polyethylene Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most commonly produced plastic. It is a polymer, primarily used for packaging ( plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes and containers including b ...
in the presence of
methylaluminoxane Methylaluminoxane, commonly called MAO, is a mixture of organoaluminium compounds with the approximate formula (Al(CH3)O)''n''. It is usually encountered as a solution in (aromatic) solvents, commonly toluene but also xylene, cumene, or mesitylene ...
or
diethylaluminium chloride Diethylaluminium chloride, abbreviated DEAC, is an organoaluminium compound. Although usually given the chemical formula (C2H5)2AlCl, it exists as a dimer, C2H5)2AlClsub>2 It is a precursor to Ziegler-Natta catalysts employed for the production ...
as cocatalysts. It does not polymerize
propylene Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH=CH2. It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petro ...
.


References

Metallocenes Organomanganese compounds Cyclopentadienyl complexes {{Manganese compounds