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Naturally occurring
lutetium Lutetium is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted am ...
(71Lu) is composed of one stable
isotope Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers ( mass num ...
175Lu (97.41% natural abundance) and one long-lived
radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferr ...
, 176Lu with a
half-life Half-life (symbol ) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable ...
of 3.78 × 1010 years (2.59% natural abundance). Thirty-five
radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferr ...
s have been characterized, with the most stable, besides 176Lu, being 174Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years, and 173Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining
radioactive Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is consi ...
isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour. This element also has 18
meta state A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy higher energy levels than in the ground state of the same nucleus. "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have ...
s, with the most stable being 177mLu (t1/2 160.4 days), 174mLu (t1/2 142 days) and 178mLu (t1/2 23.1 minutes). The isotopes of lutetium range in
mass number The mass number (symbol ''A'', from the German word ''Atomgewicht'' tomic weight, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It is approxima ...
from 149 to 184. The primary
decay mode Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is consid ...
before the most abundant stable isotope, 175Lu, is
electron capture Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shells. ...
(with some
alpha Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἄλφα, ''álpha'', or ell, άλφα, álfa) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph , whi ...
and
positron emission Positron emission, beta plus decay, or β+ decay is a subtype of radioactive decay called beta decay, in which a proton inside a radionuclide nucleus is converted into a neutron while releasing a positron and an electron neutrino (). Positron ...
), and the primary mode after is
beta emission In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus, transforming the original nuclide to an isobar of that nuclide. For exam ...
. The primary
decay product In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps ( ...
s before 175Lu are
isotopes of ytterbium Naturally occurring ytterbium (70Yb) is composed of 7 stable isotopes,However, all seven of the isotopes are observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but decay has not been observed yet. 168Yb–176Yb, with 1 ...
and the primary products after are isotopes of hafnium. All isotopes of lutetium are either radioactive or, in the case of 175Lu,
observationally stable Stable nuclides are nuclides that are not radioactive and so (unlike radionuclides) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes. Th ...
, meaning that 175Lu is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.


List of isotopes

, - , 149Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 78 , , , , 450 ns
+170−100) μs, [proton emission, p , , 11/2- , , - , rowspan=2, 150Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 79 , rowspan=2, 149.97323(54)# , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 043.5' , 43(5) ms , proton emission, p (80%) , 149Yb , rowspan=2, (2+) , rowspan=2, , - , beta decay, β+ (20%) , 150Yb , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 150mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 34(15) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 080' , 80(60) μs
0(+95−15) μs, [proton emission, p , 149Yb , (1, 2) , , - , rowspan=2, 151Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 80 , rowspan=2, 150.96757682 , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 080.6' , 80.6(5) ms , p (63.4%) , 150Yb , rowspan=2, (11/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (36.6%) , 151Yb , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 151mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 77(5) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 016' , 16(1) μs , proton emission, p , 150Yb , (3/2+) , , - , rowspan=2, 152Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 81 , rowspan=2, 151.96412(21)# , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 650' , 650(70) ms , β+ (85%) , 152Yb , rowspan=2, (5−, 6−) , rowspan=2, , - , β+, p (15%) , 151Tm , - , rowspan=2, 153Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 82 , rowspan=2, 152.95877(22) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 000.9' , 0.9(2) s , α (70%) , 149Tm , rowspan=2, 11/2− , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (30%) , 153Yb , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 153m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 80(5) keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 001' , 1# s , IT , 153Lu , 1/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 153m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2502.5(4) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 000.1' , >0.1 μs , IT , 153Lu , 23/2− , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 153m3Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2632.9(5) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 015' , 15(3) μs , IT , 153m2Lu , 27/2− , , - , 154Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 83 , 153.95752(22)# , data-sort-value='4(s) 001' , 1# s , β+ , 154Yb , (2−) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 154m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 58(13) keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 001.12' , 1.12(8) s , , , (9+) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 154m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , >2562 keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 035' , 35(3) μs , , , (17+) , , - , rowspan=2, 155Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 84 , rowspan=2, 154.954316(22) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 068.6' , 68.6(16) ms , α (76%) , 151Tm , rowspan=2, (11/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (24%) , 155Yb , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 155m1Lu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 20(6) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 138' , 138(8) ms , α (88%) , 151Tm , rowspan=2, (1/2+) , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (12%) , 155Yb , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 155m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1781.0(20) keV , data-sort-value='3(ms) 002.7' , 2.70(3) ms , , , (25/2−) , , - , rowspan=2, 156Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 85 , rowspan=2, 155.95303(8) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 494' , 494(12) ms , α (95%) , 152Tm , rowspan=2, (2)− , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (5%) , 156Yb , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 156mLu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 220(80)# keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='3(ms) 198' , 198(2) ms , α (94%) , 152Tm , rowspan=2, (9)+ , rowspan=2, , - , β+ (6%) , 156Yb , - , rowspan=2, 157Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 86 , rowspan=2, 156.950098(20) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 006.8', 6.8(18) s , β+ , 157Yb , rowspan=2, (1/2+, 3/2+) , rowspan=2, , - , α , 153Tm , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 157mLu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 21.0(20) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 004.79' , 4.79(12) s , β+ (94%) , 157Yb , rowspan=2, (11/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , α (6%) , 153Tm , - , rowspan=2, 158Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 87 , rowspan=2, 157.949313(16) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 010.6' , 10.6(3) s , β+ (99.09%) , 158Yb , rowspan=2, 2− , rowspan=2, , - , α (.91%) , 154Tm , - , rowspan=2, 159Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 88 , rowspan=2, 158.94663(4) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 012' , 12.1(10) s , β+ (99.96%) , 159Yb , rowspan=2, 1/2+# , rowspan=2, , - , α (.04%) , 155Tm , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 159mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 100(80)# keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 010' , 10# s , , , 11/2−# , , - , rowspan=2, 160Lu , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 89 , rowspan=2, 159.94603(6) , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='4(s) 036' , 36.1(3) s , β+ , 160Yb , rowspan=2, 2−# , rowspan=2, , - , α (10−4%) , 156Tm , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 160mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(100)# keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 040' , 40(1) s , , , , , - , 161Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 90 , 160.94357(3) , data-sort-value='4(s) 077' , 77(2) s , β+ , 161Yb , 1/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 161mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 166(18) keV , data-sort-value='3(ms) 007.3' , 7.3(4) ms , IT , 161Lu , (9/2−) , , - , 162Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 91 , 161.94328(8) , data-sort-value='5(min) 01.37' , 1.37(2) min , β+ , 162Yb , (1−) , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 162m1Lu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 120(200)# keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='5(min) 01.5' , 1.5 min , β+ , 162Yb , rowspan=2, 4−# , rowspan=2, , - , IT (rare) , 162Lu , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 162m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 300(200)# keV , data-sort-value='5(min) 01.9' , 1.9 min , , , , , - , 163Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 92 , 162.94118(3) , data-sort-value='5(min) 03.97' , 3.97(13) min , β+ , 163Yb , 1/2(+) , , - , 164Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 93 , 163.94134(3) , data-sort-value='5(min) 03.14' , 3.14(3) min , β+ , 164Yb , 1(−) , , - , 165Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 94 , 164.939407(28) , data-sort-value='5(min) 10.74' , 10.74(10) min , β+ , 165Yb , 1/2+ , , - , 166Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 95 , 165.93986(3) , data-sort-value='5(min) 02.65' , 2.65(10) min , β+ , 166Yb , (6−) , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 166m1Lu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 34.37(5) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='5(min) 01.41' , 1.41(10) min , EC (58%) , 166Yb , rowspan=2, 3(−) , rowspan=2, , - , IT (42%) , 166Lu , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 166m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 42.9(5) keV , data-sort-value='5(min) 02.12' , 2.12(10) min , , , 0(−) , , - , 167Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 96 , 166.93827(3) , data-sort-value='5(min) 51.5' , 51.5(10) min , β+ , 167Yb , 7/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 167mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(30)# keV , data-sort-value='5(min) 01' , >1 min , , , 1/2(−#) , , - , 168Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 97 , 167.93874(5) , data-sort-value='5(min) 05.5' , 5.5(1) min , β+ , 168Yb , (6−) , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 168mLu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 180(110) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='5(min) 06.7' , 6.7(4) min , β+ (95%) , 168Yb , rowspan=2, 3+ , rowspan=2, , - , IT (5%) , 168Lu , - , 169Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 98 , 168.937651(6) , data-sort-value='6(h) 34.06' , 34.06(5) h , β+ , 169Yb , 7/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 169mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 29.0(5) keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 160' , 160(10) s , IT , 169Lu , 1/2− , , - , 170Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 99 , 169.938475(18) , data-sort-value='7(d) 002.012' , 2.012(20) d , β+ , 170Yb , 0+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 170mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 92.91(9) keV , data-sort-value='3(ms) 670' , 670(100) ms , IT , 170Lu , (4)− , , - , 171Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 100 , 170.9379131(30) , data-sort-value='7(d) 008.24' , 8.24(3) d , β+ , 171Yb , 7/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 171mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 71.13(8) keV , data-sort-value='4(s) 079' , 79(2) s , IT , 171Lu , 1/2− , , - , 172Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 101 , 171.939086(3) , data-sort-value='7(d) 006.7' , 6.70(3) d , β+ , 172Yb , 4− , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 172m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 41.86(4) keV , data-sort-value='5(min) 03.7' , 3.7(5) min , IT , 172Lu , 1− , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 172m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 65.79(4) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 000.332' , 0.332(20) μs , , , (1)+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 172m3Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 109.41(10) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 440' , 440(12) μs , , , (1)+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 172m4Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 213.57(17) keV , data-sort-value='1(ns) 150' , 150 ns , , , (6−) , , - , 173Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 102 , 172.9389306(26) , data-sort-value='8(a) 1.37' , 1.37(1) y , EC , 173Yb , 7/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 173mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 123.672(13) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 074.2' , 74.2(10) μs , , , 5/2− , , - , 174Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 103 , 173.9403375(26) , data-sort-value='8(a) 3.31' , 3.31(5) y , β+ , 174Yb , (1)− , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 174m1Lu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 170.83(5) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='7(d) 142' , 142(2) d , IT (99.38%) , 174Lu , rowspan=2, 6− , rowspan=2, , - , EC (.62%) , 174Yb , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 174m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 240.818(4) keV , data-sort-value='1(ns) 395' , 395(15) ns , , , (3+) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 174m3Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 365.183(6) keV , data-sort-value='1(ns) 145' , 145(3) ns , , , (4−) , , - , 175Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 104 , 174.9407718(23) , colspan=3 align=center data-sort-value='9' ,
Observationally stable Stable nuclides are nuclides that are not radioactive and so (unlike radionuclides) do not spontaneously undergo radioactive decay. When such nuclides are referred to in relation to specific elements, they are usually termed stable isotopes. Th ...
Believed to undergo α decay to 171Tm , 7/2+ , 0.9741(2) , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 175m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1392.2(6) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 984' , 984(30) μs , , , (19/2+) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 175m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 353.48(13) keV , data-sort-value='2(μs) 001.49' , 1.49(7) μs , , , 5/2− , , - , 176Lu
primordial Primordial may refer to: * Primordial era, an era after the Big Bang. See Chronology of the universe * Primordial sea (a.k.a. primordial ocean, ooze or soup). See Abiogenesis * Primordial nuclide, nuclides, a few radioactive, that formed before t ...
radionuclide A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transfer ...
Used in lutetium-hafnium dating , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 105 , 175.9426863(23) , 38.5(7)×109 y , β , 176Hf , 7− , 0.0259(2) , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 176mLu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 122.855(6) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='6(h) 03.66' , 3.664(19) h , β (99.9%) , 176Hf , rowspan=2, 1− , rowspan=2, , - , EC (.095%) , 176Yb , - , 177Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 106 , 176.9437581(23) , 6.6475(20) d , β , 177Hf , 7/2+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 177m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 150.3967(10) keV , 130(3) ns , , , 9/2− , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 177m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 569.7068(16) keV , 155(7) μs , , , 1/2+ , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , 177m3Lu , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 970.1750(24) keV , rowspan=2 data-sort-value='7(d) 160.44' , 160.44(6) d , β (78.3%) , 177Hf , rowspan=2, 23/2− , rowspan=2, , - , IT (21.7%) , 177Lu , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 177m4Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3900(10) keV , 7(2) min
(+3−2) min, , , 39/2− , , - , 178Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 107 , 177.945955(3) , 28.4(2) min , β , 178Hf , 1(+) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 178mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 123.8(26) keV , 23.1(3) min , β , 178Hf , 9(−) , , - , 179Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 108 , 178.947327(6) , 4.59(6) h , β , 179Hf , 7/2(+) , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 179mLu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 592.4(4) keV , 3.1(9) ms , IT , 179Lu , 1/2(+) , , - , 180Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 109 , 179.94988(8) , 5.7(1) min , β , 180Hf , 5+ , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 180m1Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 13.9(3) keV , ~1 s , IT , 180Lu , 3− , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , 180m2Lu , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 624.0(5) keV , >=1 ms , , , (9−) , , - , 181Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 110 , 180.95197(32)# , 3.5(3) min , β , 181Hf , (7/2+) , , - , 182Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 111 , 181.95504(21)# , 2.0(2) min , β , 182Hf , (0,1,2) , , - , 183Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 112 , 182.95757(32)# , 58(4) s , β , 183Hf , (7/2+) , , - , 184Lu , style="text-align:right" , 71 , style="text-align:right" , 113 , 183.96091(43)# , 20(3) s , β , 184Hf , (3+) ,


Lutetium-177

Lutetium (177Lu) chloride, sold under the brand name Lumark among others, is used for
radiolabeling A radioactive tracer, radiotracer, or radioactive label is a chemical compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide so by virtue of its radioactive decay it can be used to explore the mechanism of chemical reactions by t ...
other medicines, either as an anti-cancer therapy or for
scintigraphy Scintigraphy (from Latin ''scintilla'', "spark"), also known as a gamma scan, is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue ( radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally an ...
(medical radio-imaging). Its most common side effects are
anaemia Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin. When anemia comes on slowly, th ...
(low red blood cell counts),
thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets, also known as thrombocytes, in the blood. It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients a ...
(low blood platelet counts),
leucopenia Leukopenia () is a decrease in the number of leukocytes (WBC). Found in the blood, they are the white blood cells, and are the body's primary defense against an infection. Thus the condition of leukopenia places individuals at increased risk of ...
(low white blood cell counts),
lymphopenia Lymphocytopenia is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are a white blood cell with important functions in the immune system. It is also called lymphopenia. The opposite is lymphocytosis, which ...
(low levels of lymphocytes, a particular type of white blood cell), nausea (feeling sick), vomiting and mild and temporary hair loss. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Text was copied from this source for which copyright belongs to the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.


References

* Isotope masses from: ** * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: ** ** * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. ** ** ** {{Navbox element isotopes Lutetium
Lutetium Lutetium is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted am ...