A hydrogen infrastructure is the infrastructure of

hydrogen pipeline transport Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. History *1938 - Rhine-Ruhr The first hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel, compressed hydrogen pressure , di ...

, points of

hydrogen production Hydrogen production is the family of industrial methods for generating hydrogen gas. As of 2020, the majority of hydrogen (∼95%) is produced from fossil fuels by steam reforming of natural gas and other light hydrocarbons, partial oxidation of h ...

and

hydrogen station A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for Hydrogen. The hydrogen is dispensed by weight. There are two filling pressures in common use. H70 or 700 bar, and the older standard H35 or 350 bar. As of 2021 around 550 filling stations were ...

s (sometimes clustered as a hydrogen highway) for distribution as well as the sale of

hydrogen fuel Hydrogen fuel refers to hydrogen which is burned as fuel with oxygen. It is zero-carbon, provided that it is created in a process that does not involve carbon. It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines (see HICEV). Regarding hydr ...

, and thus a crucial prerequisite before a successful commercialization of automotive fuel cell technology.

Network

Hydrogen highways

A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped

filling station A filling station, also known as a gas station () or petrol station (), is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles. The most common fuels sold in the 2010s were gasoline (or petrol) and diesel fuel. Gasolin ...

s and other infrastructure along a road or highway which allow hydrogen vehicles to travel.

Hydrogen stations

Hydrogen station A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for Hydrogen. The hydrogen is dispensed by weight. There are two filling pressures in common use. H70 or 700 bar, and the older standard H35 or 350 bar. As of 2021 around 550 filling stations were ...

s which are not situated near a hydrogen pipeline get supply via hydrogen tanks,

compressed hydrogen tube trailer Hydrogen tube trailers are semi-trailers that consist of 4 to 36 cluster high-pressure hydrogen tanks varying in length from for small tubes to on jumbo tube trailers. They are part of the hydrogen highway and usually precede a local hydrogen ...

s, liquid hydrogen trailers, liquid hydrogen tank trucks or dedicated onsite production. Some firms as ITM Power are also providing solutions to make your own hydrogen (for use in the car) at home. Government supported activities to expand an hydrogen fuel infrastructure are ongoing in the US state of California, in some member states of the European Union (most notably in Germany) and in particular in Japan.

Hydrogen pipeline transport

Hydrogen pipeline transport Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. History *1938 - Rhine-Ruhr The first hydrogen pipes that are constructed of regular pipe steel, compressed hydrogen pressure , di ...

is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to connect the point of

or delivery of hydrogen with the point of demand, pipeline transport costs are similar to

CNG Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of , usually in cyl ...

, the technology is proven, however most hydrogen is produced on the place of demand with every an industrial production facility. , there are of low pressure hydrogen pipelines in the US and in Europe.

Buffer for renewable energy

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory believes that

US counties In the United States, a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The term " county" is used in 48 states, ...

have the potential to produce more renewable hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles than the gasoline they consumed in 2002. As an energy buffer, hydrogen produced via

water electrolysis Electrolysis of water, also known as electrochemical water splitting, is the process of using electricity to decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen gas by electrolysis. Hydrogen gas released in this way can be used as hydrogen fuel, or rem ...

and in combination with underground hydrogen storage or other large-scale storage technologies, could play an important role for the introduction of fluctuating renewable energy sources like wind or solar power.

Hydrogen production plants

The most common method for hydrogen production is steam reforming, accounting for near 50% of the world's hydrogen production. Methods such as

electrolysis of water Electrolysis of water, also known as electrochemical water splitting, is the process of using electricity to decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen gas by electrolysis. Hydrogen gas released in this way can be used as hydrogen fuel, or rem ...

are also used. The world's largest facility for producing electrolytic hydrogen fuel is claimed to be the

Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) is the world's largest hydrogen production facility using renewable energy. It is located in Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. The construction was started on 2018 and completed in 2018. It was inagurate ...

(FH2R), a 10MW-class hydrogen production unit, inaugurated on 7 March 2020, in Namie,

Fukushima Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture (; ja, 福島県, Fukushima-ken, ) is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Fukushima Prefecture has a population of 1,810,286 () and has a geographic area of . Fukushima Pref ...

. The site occupies 180,000 square meters of land, much of which is occupied by a solar array; but power from the grid is also used to conduct

to produce

References

External links

The Hydrogen Infrastructure Transition (HIT) Model

Roads2HyCom Infrastructure
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hydrogen Infrastructure Industrial gases