hydroelectric dams on the Columbia River
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There are more than 60
dam A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use ...
s in the Columbia River watershed in the
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
and
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
. Tributaries of the Columbia River and their dammed tributaries, as well as the main stem itself, each have their own list below. The dams are listed in the order as they are found from source to terminus. Many of the dams in the Columbia River watershed were not created for the specific purposes of
water storage Water storage is a broad term referring to storage of both potable water for consumption, and non potable water for use in agriculture. In both developing countries and some developed countries found in tropical climates, there is a need to store p ...
or
flood protection Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water levels ...
. Instead, the primary purpose of many of these dams is to produce
hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined an ...
. As can be seen in the lists, these dams provide many tens of
gigawatt The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Wat ...
s of power. Major dam construction began in the early 20th century and picked up the pace after the
Columbia River Treaty The Columbia River Treaty is a 1961 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under ...
in the 1960s, by the mid 1980s all the big dams were finished. Including just the dams listed below, there are 60 dams in the watershed, with 14 on the Columbia, 20 on the
Snake Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more j ...
, seven on the
Kootenay Kootenay, Kootenai, and Kutenai may refer to: Ethnic groups *The Kutenai, also known as the Ktunaxa, Kootenai, or Kootenay, an indigenous people of the United States and Canada **Kutenai language, the traditional language of the Kutenai **Ktunaxa ...
, seven on the Pend Oreille /
Clark Clark is an English language surname, ultimately derived from the Latin with historical links to England, Scotland, and Ireland ''clericus'' meaning "scribe", "secretary" or a scholar within a religious order, referring to someone who was educate ...
, two on the Flathead, eight on the
Yakima Yakima ( or ) is a city in and the county seat of Yakima County, Washington, and the state's 11th-largest city by population. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 96,968 and a metropolitan population of 256,728. The uni ...
, and two on the Owyhee. Averaging a major dam every , the rivers in the Columbia watershed combine to generate over 36,000
megawatts The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Wat ...
of power, with the majority coming on the main stem.
Grand Coulee Dam Grand Coulee Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington, built to produce hydroelectric power and provide irrigation water. Constructed between 1933 and 1942, Grand Coulee originally had two powerh ...
is the largest producer of hydroelectric power in the United States, generating 6,809 megawatts, over one-sixth of all power in the basin. In addition to providing ample power for the people of the
Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (sometimes Cascadia, or simply abbreviated as PNW) is a geographic region in western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Tho ...
, the reservoirs created by the dams have created numerous recreational opportunities, including fishing, boating, and
windsurfing Windsurfing is a wind propelled water sport that is a combination of sailing and surfing. It is also referred to as "sailboarding" and "boardsailing", and emerged in the late 1960s from the aerospace and surf culture of California. Windsurfing ga ...
. Furthermore, by creating a constant flow and consistent depth along the river channel, the series of locks and dams have allowed for Lewiston, Idaho, to become the furthest inland
seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as H ...
on the west coast of the United States. Despite the numerous benefits to humans that the dams have provided, a number of environmental consequences have manifested as a result of the dams, including a negative impact on salmonid populations of the basin. The organization of the following lists begins with the Columbia River dams and is followed by dams on its tributaries (in order of length) and their respective watersheds. Additionally, the table of contents below is indented to indicate tributary status of each river.


Main stem Columbia River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Columbia Lake Columbia Lake is the primary lake at the headwaters of the Columbia River, in British Columbia, Canada. It is fed by several small tributaries. The village of Canal Flats is located at the south end of the lake. Columbia Lake is a fresh water la ...
, BC) to mouth (
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contin ...
, OR/WA).


Snake River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Two Oceans Plateau, WY) to mouth Columbia River, WA.


Salmon River dams


= Little Salmon River dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (north West Mountain, ID) to mouth (Salmon River, ID)


Owyhee River The Owyhee River is a tributary of the Snake River located in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon in the United States. It is long.Owyhee Rive accessed November 3, 2019 The river's drainage basin is in area, one of the l ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Double Mountain, NV) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)


= South Fork Owyhee River dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (north Tuscarora Mountains, NV) to mouth (Owyhee River, ID)


Malheur River The Malheur River (local pronunciation: "MAL-hyure") is a tributary of the Snake River in eastern Oregon in the United States. It drains a high desert area, between the Harney Basin and the Blue Mountains and the Snake. Despite the similari ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Logan Valley, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)


Grande Ronde River The Grande Ronde River ( or, less commonly, ) is a tributary of the Snake River, long,U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accessed May 3, 2011 in northeastern Oregon and southeastern ...
dams


=

Wallowa River The Wallowa River is a tributary of the Grande Ronde River, approximately long, in northeastern Oregon in the United States. It drains a valley on the Columbia Plateau in the northeast corner of the state north of Wallowa Mountains. The Wallowa ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Pete's Point, Eagle Cap Wilderness, OR) to mouth (Grande Ronde River, OR)


Powder River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of McCully Fork and Cracker Creek, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)


Blackfoot River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of Diamond and Lanes Creeks, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


Henrys Fork dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Henrys Lake Henrys Lake is a small, shallow alpine lake in the western United States, in eastern Idaho. Approximately in area, at in length and in width, its surface elevation is above sea level. It is on the southwest side of the Henrys Lake Mountains ...
, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


=

Fall River Fall River is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The City of Fall River's population was 94,000 at the 2020 United States Census, making it the tenth-largest city in the state. Located along the eastern shore of Mount H ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Pitchstone Plateau, WY) to mouth (Henrys Fork, ID)


Portneuf River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (southeast of Higham Peak, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


Salmon Falls Creek Salmon Falls Creek is a tributary of the Snake River, flowing from northern Nevada into Idaho in the United States. Formed in high mountains at the northern edge of the Great Basin, Salmon Falls Creek flows northwards ,U.S. Geological Survey. ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Jarbidge Mountains, NV) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


Boise River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of North and Middle Forks Boise River, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)


= South Fork Boise River dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of Ross Fork and Johnson Creek, ID) to mouth (Boise River, ID)


Goose Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Monument Peak, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


Weiser River The Weiser River is a tributary of the Snake River in western Idaho in the United States. It drains a mountainous area of consisting primarily of low rolling foothills intersected by small streams south and east of Hells Canyon along the Idaho ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Brush Mountain, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)


Burnt River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of North and South Fork Burnt Rivers, OR) to mouth (Snake River, OR/ID)


Willow Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Blackfoot Mountains, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID)


Payette River The Payette River () is an U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed May 3, 2011 river in southwestern Idaho and is a major tributary of the Snake River. Its headwaters originate ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of South and Middle Forks Payette River, ID) to mouth (Snake River, ID/OR)


=

North Fork Payette River The North Fork Payette River () is a river in the western United States in western Idaho. It flows about southwards from the Salmon River Mountains to near Banks, where it empties into the Payette River, a tributary of the Snake River. It ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (Squaw Meadows, ID) to mouth (Payette River, ID)


=

South Fork Payette River The Payette River () is an U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed May 3, 2011 river in southwestern Idaho and is a major tributary of the Snake River. Its headwaters originate ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Vernon Lake, ID) to mouth (Payette River, ID)


Clearwater River dams


= North Fork Clearwater River dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Illinois Peak, ID/MT) to mouth (Clearwater River, ID)


Malad River dams


=

Big Wood River The Big Wood River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. , accessed May 4, 2011 river in central Idaho, United States, that is a tributary of the Malad River (which in turn is tributary to the ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater (near
Galena Summit Galena Summit is a high mountain pass in the western United States in central Idaho, at an elevation of above sea level. The pass is located in the Boulder Mountains, in the northwest corner of Blaine County, within the Sawtooth National Recre ...
, ID) to mouth (Malad River, ID)


Camas Creek

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Packer Butte, ID) to mouth (Big Wood River, ID)


=

Little Wood River Little Wood River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed May 4, 2011 river in south-central Idaho in the United States. It is a tributary of the Malad River, which in turn ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Standhope Peak, ID) to mouth (Malad River, ID)


Kootenay River The Kootenay or Kootenai river is a major river in the Northwest Plateau, in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and northern Montana and Idaho in the United States. It is one of the uppermost major tributary, tributaries of the Columbia Ri ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Castle Mountain, Beaverfoot Range, BC) to mouth (Columbia River, BC).


Bull River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Canadian Rockies) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).


Elk River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Upper Elk Lake) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).


Duncan River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (near Mount Dawson) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).


Mark Creek dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Purcell Mountains The Purcell Mountains are a mountain range in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. They are a subrange of the Columbia Mountains, which includes the Selkirk, Monashee, and Cariboo Mountains. They are located on the west side of the Rocky Mounta ...
) to mouth (Kootenay River, BC).


Pend Oreille River The Pend Oreille River ( ) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington in the United States, as well as southeastern British Columbia in Canada. In its passage through British Columbi ...
/ Clark Fork River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater of Clark Fork River ( Silver Bow Creek, MT) to mouth of Pend Oreille River (Columbia River, BC).


Flathead River The Flathead River ( fla, label= Salish, člq̓etkʷ ntx̣ʷetkʷ, , kut, kananmituk), in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Montana, originates in the Canadian Rockies to the north of Glacier National Park and flows southwest into Fla ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Confluence of North Fork and
Middle Fork Flathead River The Middle Fork Flathead River is a river in western Montana in the United States, forming the southwestern boundary of Glacier National Park. Its drainage basin lies to the east of the South Fork Flathead River and the Hungry Horse Reservoir. ...
) to mouth ( Clark Fork River).


Deschutes River Deschutes River may refer to: *Deschutes River (Oregon) The Deschutes River in central Oregon is a major tributary of the Columbia River. The river provides much of the drainage on the eastern side of the Cascade Range in Oregon, gathering many ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Little Lava Lake Little Lava Lake lies in the Cascade Range about west-southwest of Bend in the U.S. state of Oregon. A close neighbor of Lava Lake, from which it is separated by solidified lava, Little Lava Lake is at an elevation of in the Deschutes National ...
, OR) to mouth ( Columbia River, WA/OR).


Yakima River The Yakima River is a tributary of the Columbia River in south central and eastern Washington state, named for the indigenous Yakama people. Lewis and Clark mention in their journals that the Chin-nâm pam (or the Lower Snake River Chamnapam ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Keechelus Lake Keechelus Lake () is a lake and reservoir in the northwest United States, near Hyak in Kittitas County, Washington. Approximately southeast of Seattle and a few miles southeast of Snoqualmie Pass, it is the source of the Yakima River. Keechel ...
, WA) to mouth ( Columbia River, WA).


Cle Elum River The Cle Elum River is a tributary of the Yakima River, approximately 28 miles (45 km) long in the U.S. state of Washington. A Northern Pacific Railway station at the future site of the city of Cle Elum, Washington was named Clealum after the ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (near
Mount Daniel Mount Daniel is the highest summit on the Cascade Range crest of Alpine Lakes Wilderness of the central Washington, USA. It is the highest point in King and Kittitas counties. Streams on its eastern slopes form the headwaters of the Cle Elum ...
, WA) to mouth (
Yakima River The Yakima River is a tributary of the Columbia River in south central and eastern Washington state, named for the indigenous Yakama people. Lewis and Clark mention in their journals that the Chin-nâm pam (or the Lower Snake River Chamnapam ...
, WA).


Kachess River Kachess River is a tributary of the Yakima River, in the U.S. state of Washington. From its source on Chickamin Ridge in the Alpine Lakes Wilderness region of the Cascade Range, the Kachess River flows south into Kachess Lake, a natural lake regu ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (Three Queens, WA) to mouth (
Yakima River The Yakima River is a tributary of the Columbia River in south central and eastern Washington state, named for the indigenous Yakama people. Lewis and Clark mention in their journals that the Chin-nâm pam (or the Lower Snake River Chamnapam ...
, WA).


Naches River The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in the United States. Beginning as the Little Naches River, it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name b ...
dams


=

Bumping River The Bumping River is a tributary of the Naches River, in Washington in the United States. It flows down the east side of the Cascade Range, through Wenatchee National Forest and the William O. Douglas Wilderness. From its source at Fish Lake near ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwaters (near Crag Mountain, WA) to mouth (
Naches River The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in the United States. Beginning as the Little Naches River, it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name b ...
, WA).


=

Tieton River The Tieton River is a tributary of the Naches River, in Yakima County, Washington in the United States. The Tieton River begins in two forks, the North Fork Tieton River and South Fork Tieton River. The North Fork originates at McCall Glacier on ...
dams

= Dams are listed in order from headwaters ( Goat Rocks, WA) to mouth (
Naches River The Naches River is a tributary of the Yakima River in central Washington in the United States. Beginning as the Little Naches River, it is about 75 miles (121 km) long. After the confluence of the Little Naches and Bumping River the name b ...
, WA).


Willamette River The Willamette River ( ) is a major tributary of the Columbia River, accounting for 12 to 15 percent of the Columbia's flow. The Willamette's main stem is long, lying entirely in northwestern Oregon in the United States. Flowing northward b ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (Confluence of
Middle Fork Willamette River The Middle Fork Willamette River is one of several forks that unite to form the Willamette River in the western part of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is approximately long, draining an area of the Cascade Range southeast of Eugene, which is at t ...
and
Coast Fork Willamette River The Coast Fork Willamette River is one of two forks that unite to form the Willamette River in western Oregon in the United States. It is about long, draining an area of the mountains at the south end of the Willamette Valley south of Eugene. Co ...
, OR/WA) to mouth (Columbia River, OR)


Santiam River The Santiam River is a tributary of the Willamette River, about long, in western Oregon in the United States. Through its two principal tributaries, the North Santiam and the South Santiam rivers, it drains a large area of the Cascade Range a ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwaters (confluence of North Santiam and South Santiam rivers) to mouth (Willamette River, OR).


Middle Fork Willamette River The Middle Fork Willamette River is one of several forks that unite to form the Willamette River in the western part of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is approximately long, draining an area of the Cascade Range southeast of Eugene, which is at t ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Timpanogas Lake, OR) to mouth (Willamette River, OR).


McKenzie River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Clear Lake, OR) to mouth (Willamette River, OR).


Coast Fork Willamette River The Coast Fork Willamette River is one of two forks that unite to form the Willamette River in western Oregon in the United States. It is about long, draining an area of the mountains at the south end of the Willamette Valley south of Eugene. Co ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (Confluence of Big River and Garoutte Creek, OR) to mouth (Willamette River).


Spokane River The Spokane River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately long, in northern Idaho and eastern Washington in the United States. It drains a low mountainous area east of the Columbia, passing through the Spokane Valley and the city of ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Lake Coeur d'Alene Lake Coeur d'Alene, officially Coeur d'Alene Lake ( ), is a natural dam-controlled lake in North Idaho, located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. At its northern end is the city of Coeur d'Alene. It spans in length and rang ...
, ID) to mouth (Columbia River, WA).


Cowlitz River The Cowlitz River is a river in the state of Washington in the United States, a tributary of the Columbia River. Its tributaries drain a large region including the slopes of Mount Rainier, Mount Adams, and Mount St. Helens. The Cowlitz has a d ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (confluence of the Ohanapecosh River and the Clear Fork of the Cowlitz River, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)


Lewis River dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Adams Glacier, Mount Adams, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)


Spillimacheen River The Spillimacheen River is a tributary of the Columbia River in the Canadian province of British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rock ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater ( Canadian Rockies) to mouth (Columbia River, BC).


Wenatchee River The Wenatchee River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington, originating at Lake Wenatchee and flowing southeast for , emptying into the Columbia River immediately north of Wenatchee, Washington. On its way it passes the towns of Plain, Leave ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Lake Wenatchee Lake Wenatchee is a glacier- and snowmelt-fed lake situated in the Wenatchee National Forest on the eastern slopes of the Cascades Mountain Range in the state of Washington. Lake Wenatchee covers and reaches a depth of . Lake Wenatchee is the so ...
, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)


Chelan River The Chelan River is a tributary of the Columbia River, in the U.S. state of Washington. Just long, it is the shortest river in Washington. Lake Chelan Dam is located at the river's source: the outlet of Lake Chelan. Nearly the entire river's fl ...
dams

Dams are listed in order from headwater (
Lake Chelan Lake Chelan ( ) is a narrow, long lake in Chelan County, north-central Washington state, U.S. Before 1927, it was the largest natural lake in the state by any measure. Upon the completion of Lake Chelan Dam in 1927, the elevation of the lake w ...
, WA) to mouth (Columbia River, WA)


See also

*
List of lakes in Washington (state) This is a list of natural lakes and reservoirs located fully or partially in the United States, U.S. state of Washington (state), Washington. Natural lakes that have been altered with a dam, such as Lake Chelan, are included as lakes, not reservoi ...
* List of tallest dams in the world *
Dams in the Colorado River system This is a list of dams on the Colorado River system of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The Colorado runs from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California, draining parts of seven U.S. states and two Mexican states. The r ...
*
List of reservoirs and dams in the United States The following is a partial list of dams and reservoirs in the United States. There are an estimated 84,000 dams in the United States, impounding of river or about 17% of rivers in the nation. By state Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkan ...
*
Columbia River Treaty The Columbia River Treaty is a 1961 agreement between Canada and the United States on the development and operation of dams in the upper Columbia River basin for power and flood control benefits in both countries. Four dams were constructed under ...
(US–Canadian treaty regulating hydroelectric development)


Notes


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dams in the Columbia River watershed * Columbia River Hydroelectric power stations in British Columbia Hydroelectric power plants in Oregon * Dams in the Columbia River watershed Dams in the Columbia River watershed Dams in the Columbia River watershed Dams in the Columbia River watershed
Dams A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use ...
Columbia dams