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A hose is a flexible hollow tube (fluid conveyance), tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called ''Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes'' (the word ''pipe'' usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally ''tubing (material), tubing''. The shape of a hose is usually cylinder (geometry), cylindrical (having a circle, circular cross section (geometry), cross section).

Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance. Common factors are size, pressure rating, weight, length, straight hose or coilhose, and chemical compatibility.

Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from special grades of polyethylene (LDPE and especially LLDPE). Other hose materials includ
PTFE
(Teflon), stainless steel, and other metals.

Dredge rubber hoses have a long story, which features high strength and flexibility. A flexible dredging hose widely used in dredgers to convey silt or gravel. It is resistant to abrasion and wear to ensure long service life. Types of flexible dredge hose include the floating rubber hose, discharge hose, suction hose, armored hose and ceramic hose.

Reinforced rubber hose

To achieve a better pressure resistance, hoses can be reinforced with fibers or a steel cord. Commonly used reinforcement methods are braiding, spiraling, knitting and wrapping of fabric plies. The reinforcement increases the pressure resistance but also the stiffness. To obtain flexibility, corrugations or bellows are used. Usually, circumferential or helical reinforcement rings are applied to maintain these corrugated or bellowed structures under internal pressure.

Applications

Hoses can be used in water or other liquid environments, or to convey air or other gases. Hoses are used to carry fluids through air or fluid environments, and they are typically used with Clamp (tool), clamps, Tap (valve), spigots, flanges, and nozzles to control fluid flow.

Specific applications include the following:
* A garden hose is used to water plants in a garden or lawn, or to convey water to a irrigation sprinkler, sprinkler for the same purpose.
* A tough hose is used to water crops in agriculture for drip irrigation.
* A fire hose is used by firefighters to convey water to the site of a fire.
* Air hoses are used in underwater diving to carry air from a surface compressor or from Diving cylinder, air tanks. (See also snorkeling.) Industrial uses for operating flexible machinery and worktable tooling such as pneumatic screw drivers, grinders, staplers, etc.
* Hoses have been used in Westinghouse Air Brake Company, air brake systems ever since the technology was invented by George Westinghouse in 1868. This includes:
**Railway air brake, Railway air brake hoses used between locomotives and railroad cars
**Air brake (road vehicle), Truck air brake hoses used between Tractor unit, tractors and semi-trailers
* Vacuum hoses
** Vacuum brake, Vacuum brake hoses have been used in Vacuum brake systems ever since the technology was invented in the mid-1860s.
** Vacuum cleaners often have corrugated flexible vacuum hoses to connect the cleaning head to the motor.
* In building services, metal or plastic hoses are used to move water around a building; whilst air ducts are used to move air around (see air conditioning). They can also be used to take out vibration, and thermal or settlement movement.
* Automotive hoses are used in automobiles to move fluids around for use in cooling, lubricant, lubrication, and/or Hydraulic fluid, hydraulics. Hoses are also used to convey pressure or vacuum signals to control circuits or gauges, as well as conveying vacuum to heating, cooling, brake, and/or locking systems.
* In chemistry and medicine, hoses (usually called ''tubes'') are used to move liquid chemicals or gases around.
* A Fuel line, fuel hose carries fuel.
* In the oil industry high pressure hoses are used to move liquids under high pressures. Typical uses are for kill and choke lines, cement lines and Kelly hose.
These are often connected to either the choke manifold, cement manifold or standpipe manifold.

In some cases, a rubber hose has been used as a weapon with which to beat somebody. This is the origin of the term rubber-hose cryptanalysis.

See also

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*Heated hose

References

Further reading

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