génocidaires
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Génocidaires (, 'those who commit
genocide Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people—usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group—in whole or in part. Raphael Lemkin coined the term in 1944, combining the Greek word (, "race, people") with the ...
') are Rwandans who are guilty of genocide due to their involvement in the mass killings which were perpetrated in
Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...
during the 1994
Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide occurred between 7 April and 15 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu ...
, in which 800,000 Rwandans, primarily
Tutsi The Tutsi (), or Abatutsi (), are an ethnic group of the African Great Lakes region. They are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu ethnic g ...
s and moderate
Hutu The Hutu (), also known as the Abahutu, are a Bantu ethnic or social group which is native to the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the p ...
, were murdered by the Interahamwe. In the aftermath of the genocide, Rwandans who organized and led the genocide were put on trial at the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR; french: Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda; rw, Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda) was an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nation ...
. Those guilty of lesser crimes, such as participation, profiting through seizing Tutsi property, and the like, were put on trial in
gacaca court The Gacaca courts () were a system of community justice in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide. The term 'gacaca' can be translated as 'short grass' referring to the public space where neighborhood male elders (abagabo) used to meet to solve local p ...
s. More broadly, the term is also used in reference to any perpetrator of genocide. David Cesarani uses it in the context of
the Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europ ...
.''Eichmann: His Life and Crimes'' (London:
Heinemann Heinemann may refer to: * Heinemann (surname) * Heinemann (publisher), a publishing company * Heinemann Park, a.k.a. Pelican Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States See also * Heineman Heineman is a surname. Notable people with the surnam ...
, 2004), p.&nbs
98357


See also

*
Interahamwe The Interahamwe ( or ) is a Hutu paramilitary organization active in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The Interahamwe was formed around 1990 as the youth wing of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND ...
* List of people indicted in the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda * Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders


Notes


Sources

*{{cite book , last1=Jessee , first1=Erin , editor1-last=Smeulers , editor1-first=Alette , editor2-last=Weerdesteijn , editor2-first=Maartje , editor3-last=Hola , editor3-first=Barbora , title=Perpetrators of International Crimes: Theories, Methods, and Evidence , publisher=Oxford University Press , isbn=978-0-19-882999-7 , language=en , chapter=Beyond Perpetrators: Complex Political Actors Surrounding the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda Rwandan genocide perpetrators History of Rwanda French words and phrases