Galactosyltransferase is a type of
glycosyltransferase which
catalyzes
Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...
the transfer of
galactose. An example is
.
The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. A classification of glycosyltransferases using nucleotide diphospho-sugar, nucleotide monophospho-sugar and sugar phosphates () and related proteins into distinct sequence based families has been described.
This classification is available on the CAZy (Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site.
The same three-dimensional fold is expected to occur within each of the families. Because 3-D structures are better conserved than sequences, several of the families defined on the basis of sequence similarities may have similar 3-D structures and therefore form 'clans'.
Glycosyltransferase family 31
CAZY GH_31 comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (); beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (); fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (); globotriosylceramide beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase ().
Human galactosyltransferases
B3GALNT1
UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B3GALNT1'' gene.
This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bou ...
;
B3GALNT2;
B3GALT1;
B3GALT2;
B3GALT4
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B3GALT4'' gene.
This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with di ...
;
B3GALT5
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B3GALT5'' gene.
This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with di ...
;
B3GALT6;
B3GNT2
UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B3GNT2'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. This enzyme is a type II transmembrane ...
;
B3GNT3
UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B3GNT3'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase family. This enzyme is a type II transmembrane ...
;
B3GNT4;
B3GNT5;
B3GNT6;
B3GNT7;
B3GNT8;
B4GALNT1
Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALNT1'' gene.
GM2 and GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids
Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the ...
;
B4GALNT2;
B4GALNT3;
B4GALNT4;
B4GALT1
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT1'' gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have excl ...
;
B4GALT2
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT2'' gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have excl ...
;
B4GALT3
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT3'' gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have excl ...
;
B4GALT4
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT4'' gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have excl ...
;
B4GALT5
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT5'' gene.
This gene is one of seven beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta4GalT) genes. They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have excl ...
;
B4GALT6;
B4GALT7
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 also known as galactosyltransferase I is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''B4GALT7'' gene. Galactosyltransferase I catalyzes the synthesis of the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage in proteoglycans. Prot ...
;
GALNT1;
GALNT2
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GALNT2'' gene.
This gene encodes polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2, a member of the GalNAc-transfe ...
;
GALNT3
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GALNT3'' gene.
This gene encodes UDP-GalNAc transferase 3, a member of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase (GalNAc-T) family. This family transfers an ...
;
GALNT4;
GALNT5;
GALNT6;
GALNT7;
GALNT8;
GALNT9;
GALNT10;
GALNT11;
GALNT12;
GALNT13
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''GALNT13'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." ...
;
GALNT14;
GALNTL1;
GALNTL2;
GALNTL4;
GALNTL5;
GALNTL6;
References
External links
*
Transferases
EC 2.4.1
{{2.4-enzyme-stub