Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association
Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline memb ...
, is the of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas. The right to freedom of association is recognized as a 
human right
Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Norm (social), normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for c ...
, a political right
Right-wing politics embraces the view that certain social order
The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institution
Institutions, according to Samuel ...
and a civil liberty.
The terms ''freedom of assembly'' and ''freedom of association'' may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest thumbnail, 350px, Janitorial workers exercising their right to protest in front of the MTV building in Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, California.
The right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly, the right t ...
, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights and in the Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation
An organization, or orga ...
is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.
Human rights instruments
Freedom of assembly is included in, among others, the following human rights instruments: *Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six p ...
– Article 20
* International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976 in accordance with Article 49 of the c ...
– Article 21
* European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by t ...
– Article 11
* American Convention on Human Rights
The American Convention on Human Rights, also known as the Pact of San José, is an international human rights instrument. It was adopted by many countries in the Western Hemisphere in San José, Costa Rica
Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Ri ...
– Article 15
National and regional constitutions that recognize freedom of assembly include:
* Bangladesh
Bangladesh (, bn, বাংলাদেশ, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia
South Asia is the southern region of Asia, which is defined in both geography, geographical and culture, ethno-c ...
– Articles 37 and 38 of the Constitution of Bangladesh
The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is the constitutional document of Bangladesh. It was adopted on 4 November 1972 and went into effect from 16 December 1972. It provides the framework of the Bangladeshi republic with a parl ...
guarantee the freedom of association
Freedom of association encompasses both an individual's right to join or leave groups voluntarily, the right of the group to take collective action to pursue the interests of its members, and the right of an association to accept or decline memb ...
and assembly.
* Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3.2 million square miles) and with over 211 mill ...
– Article 5 of the Constitution of Brazil
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil) is the supreme law
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the lega ...
* Canada
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America
North America is a continent
A continent is any of several large landmasses. Generally identified by convention (norm), convention rather than any strict criteria, ...
– S. 2 of the ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
The ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' (french: La Charte canadienne des droits et libertés), often simply referred to as the ''Charter'' in Canada, is a bill of rights
A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights ...
'' which forms part of the ''Constitution Act, 1982
The ''Constitution Act, 1982'' (french: link=no, Loi constitutionnelle de 1982) is a part of the Constitution of Canada.Formally enacted as Schedule B of the ''Canada Act 1982'', enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Section 60 of t ...
''
* France
France (), officially the French Republic (french: link=no, République française), is a transcontinental country
This is a list of countries located on more than one continent
A continent is one of several large landmasses ...
– Article 431-1 of the ''Nouveau Code Pénal''
* Germany
)
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, capital = Berlin
Berlin (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3,769,495 inh ...
– Article 8 GG (Grundgesetz
The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the constitution
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the le ...
, Basic Law)
* Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a in . Spanning of the , it is bordered by to the north, to the northeast, to the east and southeast, to the south, and to the southwest and to the west. Hungary has a population of 10 million, mostl ...
– Article VIII (1) of the Fundamental Law
* India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi
Hindi (Devanagari: , हिंदी, ISO 15919, ISO: ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: , ISO 15919, ISO: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in Hindi Belt, ...
– Fundamental Rights in India #REDIRECT Fundamental rights in India
Fundamental rights are those rights which are essential for intellectual, moral and spiritual development of citizens of India. As these rights are fundamental or essential for existence and all-round deve ...
*Indonesia
Indonesia ( ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Republik Indonesia, links=yes ), is a country in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia or SEA, is t ...
– Article 28E(3) of the Constitution of Indonesia
The 1945 State Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, ''UUD '45'') is the basis for all laws of Indonesia
Indonesia ( ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( id, Republ ...
* Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, the Irish Sea ...
– Article 40.6.1° of the Constitution
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles
A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule
Rule or ruling may refer to:
Human activity
* The exercise of political ...
, as enumerated under the heading "Fundamental Rights"
* Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic ( it, Repubblica Italiana, links=no ), is a country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps
The Alps ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps; sl, Alpe ) are the highest ...
– Article 17 of the Constitution
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles
A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule
Rule or ruling may refer to:
Human activity
* The exercise of political ...
* Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally ) is an island country
An island country or an island nation is a country
A country is a distinct territory, territorial body
or political entity. It is often referred to as the land of an in ...
– Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan
The Constitution of Japan (Shinjitai
are the simplified forms of kanji
are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the Japanese writing system. They are used alongside the Japanese language, Japanese syllabic script ...
* Macau Basic Law
The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( zh, 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法, pt, Lei Básica da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China) is t ...
- Article 27
* Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical southeastern subregion of Asia, consisting of the regions ...
– Article 10 of the Constitution of MalaysiaArticle 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia
The Federal Constitution of Malaysia, which came into force in 1957, is the supreme law of Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy c ...
* Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country
A country is a distinct territorial body or political entity
A polity is an identifiable political entity—any group of people who have a collective identity, who are organi ...
– Article 9 of the Constitution of Mexico
The Constitution of Mexico, formally the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States ( es, Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the current constitution
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental princip ...
* New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa
''Aotearoa'' (; commonly pronounced by English
English usually refers to:
* English language
English is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language first spoken in History of Anglo-Saxon Engl ...
– Section 16 New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (sometimes known by its acronym, NZBORA) is a statuteA statute reffers to the body of law that are made by legislature of the nation with instrument which govern the state, country or any nation. it include ...
* Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway,Names in the official and recognised languages: Bokmål
Bokmål (, ; literally "book tongue") is an official written standard for the Norwegian language
Norwegian (Norwegian: ''norsk'') is a Nort ...
– Section 101 of the Constitution of Norway
Constitution of Norway (complete name: Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish language, Danish: ; Norwegian language, Norwegian Bokmål: ; Norwegian Nynorsk: ) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent ...
* Pakistan
Pakistan, . Pronounced variably in English as , , , and . officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a popul ...
- Article 16 of the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973
* Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
– Article III, Section 4 of the Constitution of the Philippines
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino
Filipino may refer to:
* Something from or related to the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas or ''Filipinas'' ), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng ...
* Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 Voivodeships of Poland, administrative provinces, covering an area of , and has a largely Temperate climate, temperate seasonal cli ...
– Article 57 of the Constitution of Poland
The current Constitution of Poland was founded on 2 April 1997. Formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej), it replaced the Small Constitution of 1992
The Small Constitution of 1992 ...
* Russia
Russia ( rus, link=no, Россия, Rossiya, ), or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern region of . There is no consistent definition of the precise area it covers, partly because th ...
– Articles 30 and 31 of the Constitution of Russia
The Constitution of the Russian Federation () was adopted by national referendum on . Russia
Russia ( rus, link=no, Россия, Rossiya, ), or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the ea ...
guarantee the freedom of association and peaceful assembly.
* South Africa Bill of Rights – Article 17
* Spain
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, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto =
, national_anthem =
, image_map =
, map_caption =
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– Article 21 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978
The Spanish Constitution (Spanish language, Spanish, Asturleonese language, Asturleonese, and gl, Constitución Española; eu, Espainiako Konstituzioa; ca, Constitució Espanyola; oc, Constitucion espanhòla) is the Democracy, democratic la ...
* Sweden
Sweden ( sv, Sverige ), officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( sv, links=no, Konungariket Sverige ), is a Nordic country
The Nordic countries, or the Nordics, are a geographical and cultural region
In geography, regions are areas that ...
– Chapter 2 of The Instrument of Government
The Instrument of Government was a constitution of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good
In philosophy
Philosophy (f ...
* Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia
East Asia is the eastern region of Asia
Asia () is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and N ...
(Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. It shares Maritime boundary, maritime borders with the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the sout ...
) – Article 14 guarantees freedom of assembly and association.
* Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Turkey, is a country located mainly on Anatolia
Anatolia,, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau. also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia an ...
– Articles 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Turkey, is a country located mainly on Anatolia ...
guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
* UAE
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; Arabic
Arabic (, ' or , ' or ) is a Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoff ...
– The UAE Constitution protects freedom of peaceful assembly.
* United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...
– First Amendment
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record
A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, ...
to the Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law
A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation
An organization, or orga ...
See also
* Free speech zone *Right to protest thumbnail, 350px, Janitorial workers exercising their right to protest in front of the MTV building in Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, California.
The right to protest may be a manifestation of the right to freedom of assembly, the right t ...
* Strategy-31
Strategy-31 (russian: Страте́гия-31) is a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia
Russia (russian: link=no, Россия, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Euro ...
* Unlawful assemblyUnlawful assembly is a legal
Law is a system of rules created and law enforcement, enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of lo ...
* United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association
References
External links
Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly
OSCE/ODIHR, 2007 *
Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly (2nd edition)
Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR, 2010 {{Authority control Human rights by issue