File:1st millennium montage.png, From top left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity; The Colosseum, a landmark of the once-mighty Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...
; Kaaba, the Great Mosque of Mecca
, native_name_lang = ar
, religious_affiliation = Islam
, image = Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
, image_upright = 1.25
, caption = Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Mecca
, map ...
, the holiest site of Islam; Chess, a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The Western Roman Empire falls, ushering in the Early Middle Ages; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun, leader of the Hunnic Empire, which takes most of Eastern Europe (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City), 400px, thumb
rect 9 6 182 173 Jesus Christ
rect 192 5 411 169 Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...
rect 420 16 560 101 Great Mosque of Mecca
, native_name_lang = ar
, religious_affiliation = Islam
, image = Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg
, image_upright = 1.25
, caption = Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Mecca
, map ...
rect 416 112 561 212 Chess
rect 13 189 171 356 Attila the Hun
rect 184 177 308 346 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Of the many eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in southern Italy, the best-known is its eruption in 79 AD, which was one of the deadliest in European history. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD is one of the best-known in ...
rect 313 222 559 352 Early Middle Ages
rect 1 1 566 394 Teotihuacan
rect 1 1 566 394 Pilate's court
In the canonical gospels, Pilate's court refers to the trial of Jesus in praetorium before Pontius Pilate, preceded by the Sanhedrin Trial. In the Gospel of Luke, Pilate finds that Jesus, being from Galilee, belonged to Herod Antipas' juri ...
The first millennium of the
anno Domini
The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means 'in the year of the Lord', but is often presented using "our Lord" instead of "the Lord", ...
or
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the or ...
was a
millennium
A millennium (plural millennia or millenniums) is a period of one thousand years, sometimes called a kiloannus, kiloannum (ka), or kiloyear (ky). Normally, the word is used specifically for periods of a thousand years that begin at the starting ...
spanning the years
1 to
1000 1000 or thousand may refer to:
* 1000 (number), a natural number
* AD 1000, a leap year in the Julian calendar
* 1000 BC, a year of the Before Christ era
* 1000 metres, a middle-distance running event
* 1000°, a German electronic dance music magaz ...
(
1st
First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1).
First or 1st may also refer to:
*World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement
Arts and media Music
* 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
to
10th centuries; in astronomy:
JD –
). The
world population rose more slowly than during the
preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year AD 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.
[Klein Goldewijk, K. , A. Beusen, M. de Vos and G. van Drecht (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicit database of human induced land use change over the past 12,000 years, Global Ecology and Biogeography20(1): 73-86. ]
pbl.nl
.
Goldewijk et al. (2011) estimate 188 million as of the year 1, citing a literature range of 170 million (low) to 300 million (high).
Out of the estimated 188 million, 116 million are estimated for Asia ( East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, excluding Western Asia
Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
),
44 million for Europe and the Near East, 15 million for Africa (including Roman Egypt and Roman North Africa
Africa Proconsularis was a Roman province on the northern African coast that was established in 146 BC following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeri ...
), 12 million for Mesoamerica and South America. North America and Oceania were at or below one million.
For 1000, they estimate the world population at 295 million .
tp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.1/supplementary/population/ftp://ftp.pbl.nl/hyde/hyde3.1/supplementary/population/figure_1a.jpg]
In Western Eurasia (
Europe and
Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from
Classical Antiquity to the
Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...
, followed by its gradual decline during the period of
Late Antiquity, the rise of
Christianity and the
Great Migrations
''Great Migrations'' is a seven-episode nature documentary television miniseries that airs on the National Geographic Channel, featuring the great migrations of animals around the globe. The seven-part show is the largest programming event in the ...
. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the
Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the
Viking expansion in the west, the rise of the
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
in the east.
In
East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the
spread of Buddhism
Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE. The first documented translation efforts by Buddhist monks in China were in the 2nd century CE via the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory bordering th ...
to East Asia. In
China, the
Han dynasty is replaced by the
Jin dynasty and later the
Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In
Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The
Yamato court was established. The North
Indian subcontinent was divided among
numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the
Gupta Empire.
Islam expanded rapidly from
Arabia
The Arabian Peninsula, (; ar, شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, , "Arabian Peninsula" or , , "Island of the Arabs") or Arabia, is a peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plat ...
to western Asia, India, North Africa and the
Iberian peninsula, culminating in the
Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).
In
Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the
Classic Era (200–900).
Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In
South America, pre-Incan,
coastal
The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is defined as the area where land meets the ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the coastline. The Earth has around of coastline. Coasts are important zones in ...
cultures
Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor ...
flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world.
In
North America, the
Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the
Mississippi and
Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built;
Cahokia
The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site ( 11 MS 2) is the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (which existed 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, Missouri. This historic park lies in south-w ...
, the largest, was based in present-day
Illinois. The construction of
Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.
In
Sub-Saharan Africa, the
Bantu expansion
The Bantu expansion is a hypothesis about the history of the major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around Central Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa. In the process, ...
reaches
Southern Africa by about the 5th century.
The
trans Saharan slave trade spans the
Sahara and the
Swahili coast by the 9th century.
Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties
Events
''The events in this section are organized according to the
United Nations geoscheme''
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Centuries and decades
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1st Millennium
Millennia