The exessive case (
abbreviated
An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word ''abbrevia ...
) is a
grammatical case
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers ( determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals), which corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. In various languages, nomin ...
that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of
Baltic-Finnic languages. It completes the series of "to/in/from a state" series consisting of the
translative case, the
essive case
In grammar, the essive case, or similaris case, ( abbreviated ) is a grammatical case.O'Grady, William, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, and Janie Rees-Miller. "Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure." Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. 6t ...
and the exessive case.
The exessive case has been described in
Estonian,
South Estonian
South Estonian, spoken in south-eastern Estonia, encompasses the Tartu, Mulgi, Võro and Seto varieties. There is no academic consensus on its status, as some linguists consider South Estonian a dialect group of Estonian whereas other linguist ...
,
Livonian,
Votic,
Ingrian,
Ludic,
Karelian, and
Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
.
Estonian
In the general pattern of the loss of a final vowel when compared to
Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
, the
Estonian exessive ending is ''-nt''.
Exessive case is unproductive in contemporary
Estonian. It appears in words such as ''kodunt'' 'away from home' and ''tagant'' 'from behind', or
South Estonian
South Estonian, spoken in south-eastern Estonia, encompasses the Tartu, Mulgi, Võro and Seto varieties. There is no academic consensus on its status, as some linguists consider South Estonian a dialect group of Estonian whereas other linguist ...
''mant'' 'away from the vicinity of something'. The exessive is more common in the language of Estonian folk songs.
[Prillop, Külli et al. 2020. ''Eesti keele ajalugu''. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. p. 201.]
Finnish
The exessive is found only in
Savo and southeastern dialects. Its ending is ''-nta/ntä''.
For example, ''tärähtäneentä terveeksi'' = "from loony to healthy", or a state change from mental illness to mental health.
There are some word forms in Finnish dialects in which the exessive appears in a
locative sense. These are somewhat common, though nonstandard, for example ''takaanta''/''takanta'' (from behind, standard Finnish ''takaa''), ''siintä'' (from that/it or thence, standard Finnish ''siitä'').
Publications
*
Ariste, Paul. 1960. "Ekstsessiivist läänemere keeltes." In ''Emakeele Seltsi Aastaraamat'', VI, pp. 145-161.
*
See also
*
Votian Exessive
References
Further reading
*
External links
A Finnish text on the dialectal exessive
{{DEFAULTSORT:Exessive Case
Grammatical cases