Epistemic democracy is the "doctrine of the wisdom of the multitude."
Definition and etymology
Epistemic democracy is:
Contemporary conceptual discussions
Christian List and
Robert Goodin
Robert 'Bob' E. Goodin (born 30 November 1950) was Professor of Government at the University of Essex and is now Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Social and Political theory at the Australian National University.
Biography
Goodin atten ...
, for example, maintain that "for epistemic democrats, the aim of democracy is to 'track the truth.'" For them, democracy is more desirable than alternative forms of decision-making because, and insofar as, it does that. One democratic decision rule is more desirable than another according to that same standard. In contrast,
procedural democrats hold that the "aim of democracy is to embody certain procedural virtues…. Democracy is not about tracking any 'independent truth of the matter'; instead, the goodness or rightness of an outcome is wholly constituted by the fact of its having emerged in some procedurally correct manner" such as through voting or deliberation. Fabienne Peter, for example, offers a conception of epistemic proceduralism that does not depend on a procedure-independent standard for a good outcome. Instead, a decision is legitimate "if it is the outcome of a process that satisfies certain conditions of political and epistemic fairness."
In contrast,
David Estlund
David Estlund is the Lombardo Family Professor of Philosophy at Brown University, where he has taught since 1991. He works primarily in political philosophy.
Education and career
Estlund earned his Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of ...
argues that we do not even need a strong justification of "epistemic proceduralism". Rather, all that is needed is to show why it is better than the alternatives. Estlund argues that pure epistocracies are problematic because there is most likely a "biasing features of the educated group… which do more harm than education does good". In the US this can be seen in the income and racial inequality that leads to imperfect meritocratic systems that produces those with greater money with the highest education. Estlund uses the case of
jury
A jury is a sworn body of people (jurors) convened to hear evidence and render an impartiality, impartial verdict (a Question of fact, finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a sentence (law), penalty o ...
systems to show that original authority can be drawn from an epistemic proceduralist account grounded in normative consent. For him, democracy has no normative
authority
In the fields of sociology and political science, authority is the legitimate power of a person or group over other people. In a civil state, ''authority'' is practiced in ways such a judicial branch or an executive branch of government.''The N ...
unless it has a minimal epistemic threshold, which he sets at "better than random" (as in majority rule, better than just 51% of the vote).
See also
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Collective intelligence
Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence (GI) that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making. The term appears in sociobiology, politic ...
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Deliberative democracy
Deliberative democracy or discursive democracy is a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision-making. It adopts elements of both consensus decision-making and majority rule. Deliberative democracy differs from traditional ...
References
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Epistemics
Political theories
Types of democracy