The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of

Spoleto Spoleto (, also , , ; la, Spoletum) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is S. of Trevi, N. of Terni, SE of Perugia; SE of Florence; and N of Rome. History Spolet ...

and most of

central Italy Central Italy ( it, Italia centrale or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region, and a European Parliament constituency. Regions Central I ...

outside the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from ...

during the

Early Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Early ...

and

High Middle Ages The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300. The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and were followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended around AD 1500 ...

(c. 500 – 1300). The first dukes were appointed by the Lombard king, but they were independent in practice. The

Carolingian The Carolingian dynasty (; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charlemagne, grandson of mayor Charles Martel and a descendant of the Arnulfing and Pippin ...

conquerors of the Lombards continued to appoint dukes, as did their successors the

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperator ...

s. In the 12th century, the dukes of Spoleto were the most important imperial vassals in Italy. They usually bore the title ''

dux ''Dux'' (; plural: ''ducēs'') is Latin for "leader" (from the noun ''dux, ducis'', "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, ''dux' ...

et marchio'', "duke and margrave" as rulers of both

and

Camerino Camerino is a town in the province of Macerata, Marche, central-eastern Italy. It is located in the Apennines bordering Umbria, between the valleys of the rivers Potenza and Chienti, about from Ancona. Camerino is home to the University of Ca ...

List of dukes

Lombard supremacy

* Faroald I 570–592 * Ariulf 592–602 * Theodelap 602–650 * Atto 650–663 * Transamund I 663–703 * Faroald II 703–724 * Transamund II 724–739, first time *

Hilderic Hilderic (460s – 533) was the penultimate king of the Vandals and Alans in North Africa in Late Antiquity (523–530). Although dead by the time the Vandal Kingdom was overthrown in 534, he nevertheless played a key role in that event. Biog ...

739–740 * Transamund II 740–742, second time * Agiprand 742–744 * Transamund II 744–745, third time *

Lupus Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Comm ...

745–752 * Unnolf 752 *

Aistulf Aistulf (also Ahistulf, Aistulfus, Haistulfus, Astolf etc.; it, Astolfo; died December 756) was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious eff ...

752–756 *

Ratchis RatchisAlso spelled ''Rachis'', ''Raditschs'', ''Radics'', ''Radiks''. (died after 757) was the Duke of Friuli (739–744) and then King of the Lombards (744–749). Ratchis was the son of Duke Pemmo of Friuli and the nephew of the Lombard kin ...

756–757 *

Alboin Alboin (530s – 28 June 572) was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572. During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572. He had a lasting effe ...

757–759 *

Desiderius Desiderius, also known as Daufer or Dauferius (born – died ), was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm. D ...

758–759 * Gisulf 758–763 * Theodicius 763–773 *

Hildeprand Hildeprand (died after 744), sometimes called the Useless, was the king of the Lombards from around 735 in association with his uncle, Liutprand. After Liutprand's death in 744, Hildeprand ruled in his own name until he was overthrown later that y ...

774–788

Frankish supremacy

(ND - Non-dynastic; S - Supponids; W - Widonids) * ND Winiges 789–822 * S

Suppo I Suppo I (or Suppone) (died 5 March 824) was a Frankish nobleman who held lands in the Regnum Italicum in the early ninth century. In 817, he was made Count of Brescia, Parma, Piacenza, Modena, and Bergamo. He was also made a ''missus dominicus'' ...

822–824 * ND Adelard 824 * S Mauring 824 * S Adelchis I 824–834 * W Lambert of Nantes 834–836 * ND

Berengar Berengar is a masculine name derived from Germanic roots meaning "bear" and "spear". The name appears frequently among certain noble families during the Middle Ages, especially the Unruochings and those related. Bérenger is the French form, while ...

836–841 * W Guy I 842–859 * W Lambert I 859–871 * S

Suppo II {{for, the second Suppo who was Duke of Spoleto, Suppo II of Spoleto Suppo II (835-885) was a member of the Supponid family. Engelberga, the wife of Louis II may have been his sister. He was Count of Parma, Asti, and Turin. Along with his cousin, ...

871–876 * W Lambert I 876–880 * W Guy II 880–883 * W Guy III 883–894 * W Lambert II 894–898 * W Guy IV 895–898

Feudal duchy

Alberic I Alberic I (died c. 925) was the Lombard Duke of Spoleto from between 896 and 900 until 920, 922, or thereabouts. He was also Margrave of Camerino, and the son-in-law of Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful man in Rome. Life He first ...

898–922 * Boniface I 923–928 *

Peter Peter may refer to: People * List of people named Peter, a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Peter (given name) ** Saint Peter (died 60s), apostle of Jesus, leader of the early Christian Church * Peter (surname), a s ...

924–928 * Theobald I 928–936 * Anscar 936–940 * Sarlione 940–943 *

Hubert Hubert is a Germanic masculine given name, from ''hug'' "mind" and '' beraht'' "bright". It also occurs as a surname. Saint Hubertus or Hubert (c. 656 – 30 May 727) is the patron saint of hunters, mathematicians, opticians, and metalworkers ...

943–946 *

Boniface II Pope Boniface II ( la, Bonifatius II; died 17 October 532) was the first Germanic bishop of Rome. He ruled the Holy See from 22 September 530 until his death on 17 October 532. Boniface's father's name was Sigibuld. He was probably born in Ro ...

946–953 * Theobald II 953–959 * Transamund III 959–967 (period uncertain) * Pandulf I 967–981 * Landulf 981–982 * Transamund III 982–989 (possibly Transamund IV) * Hugh I the Great 989–996 (also Margrave of Tuscany) *

Conrad Conrad may refer to: People * Conrad (name) Places United States * Conrad, Illinois, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Conrad, Iowa, a city * Conrad, Montana, a city * Conrad Glacier, Washingto ...

996–998 * Adhemar 998–999 *

Romanus Romanus (Latin for "Roman"), hellenized as Romanos (Ῥωμανός) was a Roman cognomen and may refer to: People * Adrianus Romanus, Flemish mathematician (1561–1615) *Aquila Romanus, Latin grammarian *Giles of Rome, Aegidius Romanus, medieva ...

1003–1010 * Rainier 1010–1020 * Hugh II 1020–1035 * Hugh III 1036–1043

Tuscan supremacy

Boniface III Pope Boniface III ( la, Bonifatius III; died 12 November 607) was the bishop of Rome from 19 February 607 to his death. Despite his short pontificate, he made a significant contribution to the Catholic Church. Early career The son of John Cataa ...

1043–1052 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Frederick 1052–1055 (also Margrave of Tuscany) **

Beatrice of Bar Beatrice of Bar (also ''Beatrix''; c. 1020 – 18 April 1076) was the marchioness of Tuscany by marriage to Boniface III of Tuscany, and Regent of Tuscany from 1052 until her death, during the minority of and in co-regency with, her daughter Ma ...

, 1052–1055 (regent as mother of Frederick and Mathilda) ** Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1053–1055 (regent as husband of Beatrice and step-father to Frederick and Matilda) :''to the papacy'' 1056–1057 *

Matilda Matilda or Mathilda may refer to: Animals * Matilda (chicken) (1990–2006), World's Oldest Living Chicken record holder * Matilda (horse) (1824–1846), British Thoroughbred racehorse * Matilda, a dog of the professional wrestling tag-team The ...

, 1057–1082 (also Margravine of Tuscany) ** Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine 1057–1069 (also regent of Tuscany) ** Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1069–1076 (also regent of Tuscany) * Rainier II 1082–1086 *

, 1086–1093 (also Margravine of Tuscany) * Werner II 1093–1119 *

Engelbert III of Sponheim Engelbert III (died 6 October 1173), a member of the Rhenish Franconian House of Sponheim, was Margrave of Istria from 1124 until his death. Life Engelbert was the second son of Margrave Engelbert II and his first wife Uta of Passau. When his f ...

, 1135–1137 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria, 1137–1139 (also Margrave of Tuscany) *

Ulrich of Attems Ulrich of Attems (''Ulrich von Attems''; 1082 in Attimis, Udine – 1170) was an Italian nobleman from the family of Attems. He also served as the imperial vicar of Tuscany and Spoleto between 1139 and 1152. Ulrich was the son Conrad of Attems (105 ...

, 1139–1152 (imperial vicar of Tuscany and Spoleto) *

Welf VI Welf VI (111515 December 1191) was the margrave of Tuscany (1152–1162) and duke of Spoleto (1152–1162), the third son of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, and a member of the illustrious family of the Welf. Biography Welf inherited the familial ...

, 1152–1160 (also Margrave of Tuscany) *

Welf VII Welf VII (c. 1135 – 11 or 12 September 1167) was the only son of Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto and Margrave of Tuscany, and Uta, daughter of Godfrey of Calw, count palatine of the Rhine. He was a member of the House of Welf. His father inherited t ...

, 1160–1167 (also Margrave of Tuscany) *

, 1167–1173 (also Margrave of Tuscany) * Ridelulf 1173–1183 * Conrad I 1183–1190, first time * Pandulf II 1190–1195 * Conrad I 1195–1198, second time

Papal supremacy

Conrad II Conrad II ( – 4 June 1039), also known as and , was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039. The first of a succession of four Salian emperors, who reigned for one century until 1125, Conrad ruled the kingdo ...

1198–1205 * Henry 1205 *

Diepold Diepold or Dipold is a Germanic dithematic name, a variant of Theobald. Notable people with this name include: *Diepold of Berg *Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg *Dipold, Count of Acerra *Diepold II Diepold or Dipold is a Germanic dithematic nam ...

1209–1225 * Rainald 1223–1230 * Conrad III 1227–1267 * Berthold 1251–1276 * Rainald 1251–1276 * Blasco Fernández assassinated 1367 *

Guidantonio I da Montefeltro Guidantonio da Montefeltro (1377 – February 1443) was count of Urbino in Italy from 1403 until his death. In 1403, at the death of his father Antonio, Guidantonio inherited the family lands in the region of Italy called the Marche. Later he aba ...

1419–1443 * Pedro Luis de Borja 1456–1458 *

Franceschetto Cybo Franceschetto Cybo (baptized Francesco) (c. 1450 – July 25, 1519) was an Italian nobleman, noteworthy for being the illegitimate son of Pope Innocent VIII (Giovanni Battista Cybo). Later naturalized by his father into becoming his legitimate he ...

c. 1503–1519

Member of Italian royal family

* Prince Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe di Torino of Savoy (1904–1948)