Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for

polyester Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include natura ...

and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or

anthraquinone dye Anthraquinone dyes are an abundant group of dyes comprising a anthraquinone unit as the shared structural element. Anthraquinone itself is colourless, but red to blue dyes are obtained by introducing electron donor groups such as hydroxy or amino ...

History

The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of

cellulose acetate In biochemistry, cellulose acetate refers to any acetate ester of cellulose, usually cellulose diacetate. It was first prepared in 1865. A bioplastic, cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some coatings, and ...

fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24.

Fundamentals of dyeing

Disperse dyes are

non-ionic An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

in nature and partially

soluble In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent. Insolubility is the opposite property, the inability of the solute to form such a solution. The extent of the solubi ...

in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and

dipole In physics, a dipole () is an electromagnetic phenomenon which occurs in two ways: *An electric dipole deals with the separation of the positive and negative electric charges found in any electromagnetic system. A simple example of this system ...

forces. Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature.

Examples

Disperse Orange 1 Disperse Orange 1, or 4-anilino-4'-nitroazobenzene, is an azo dye. Commercial samples contain approximately 25% dye by weight, with the remaining mass consisting of NaCl Sodium chloride , commonly known as salt (although sea salt also cont ...

is an

azo dye Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C-N ...

. * Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from

anthraquinone Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoan ...

. *

Disperse Red 11 Disperse Red 11, or 1,4-diamino-2-methoxyanthraquinone, is a red disperse dye derived from anthraquinone. It is water insoluble. Disperse Red 11 can be used in plastics and textiles industry to dye polyvinylchloride, polyester, polyamide, and ...

, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye. * Disperse Red 60 is also an anthraquinone dye. * Disperse Yellow 26 is a yellow disperse dye. * Disperse Yellow 42 is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of

aniline Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starti ...

with 4-chloro-3-nitro benzenesulfonyl chloride.

References

{{Dyeing Dyes