Dinocerata (from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

(), "terrible", and (), "horn") is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

order of plant-eating hoofed mammals with horns and protuberant canine teeth.

Classification

A 2015 phylogenetic study recovered Dinocerata as closely related to ''

Carodnia ''Carodnia'' is an extinct genus of South American ungulate known from the Early Eocene of Brazil, Argentina, and Peru. ''Carodnia'' is placed in the order ''Xenungulata'' together with ''Etayoa'' and '' Notoetayoa''. ''Carodnia'' is the larg ...

'', making them part of the

Euungulata Ungulates ( ) are members of the diverse clade Ungulata which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves. These include odd-toed ungulates such as horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs; and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, cam ...

assemblage.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Most experts place the known genera of Dinocerata within one family, Uintatheriidae, and split it into two subfamilies, Uintatheriinae and Gobiatheriinae. Some experts prefer to split Uintatheriidae into three families, with ''Gobiatherium'' placed in the

monogeneric In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

family Gobiatheriidae, the other Eocene genera in Uintatheriidae proper, and the Paleocene genera ''Prodinoceras'' and ''Probathyopsis'' placed in the family "Prodinoceratidae". *

Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria ("laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores ( eulipotyphlans), bats ( chiropterans), carnivorans, pangolins ( pholidotes), even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), odd-toed ungulates ...

** Ungulatomorpha? **Order Dinocerata ***Family

Uintatheriidae Uintatheriidae is a family of extinct ungulate mammals that includes ''Uintatherium''. Uintatheres belong to the order Dinocerata, one of several extinct orders of primitive hoofed mammals that are sometimes united in the Condylarthra. Uintathe ...

****Subfamily Gobiatheriinae *****''

Gobiatherium ''Gobiatherium'' (meaning "Beast of the Gobi Desert") was one of the last Uintatheres, from the Mid Eocene of Mongolia. Unlike its North American cousins, ''Uintatherium'' or ''Eobasileus'', ''Gobiatherium'' lacked knob-like horns, or even fang- ...

'' ****Subfamily Uintatheriinae *****''

Prodinoceras ''Prodinoceras'' ("Before Terrible Horns") is the earliest known uintathere genus, which lived in the late Paleocene of Mongolia. It was a relatively small uintathere, reaching in length. It is also regarded as the most basal uintathere, as, al ...

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Probathyopsis ''Probathyopsis'' is an extinct genus of Uintatheriidae. It was similar to ''Prodinoceras''. ''Probathyopsis'' lived in the United States in the Paleocene epoch. Its name means "before ''Bathyopsis ''Bathyopsis'' is an extinct genus of uintathe ...

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Bathyopsis ''Bathyopsis'' is an extinct genus of uintathere. It lived in North America during the Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the ...

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Uintatherium ''Uintatherium'' ("Beast of the Uinta Mountains") is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal that lived during the Eocene epoch. Two species are currently recognized: ''U. anceps'' from the United States during the Early to Middle Eocene (56–38 ...

'' *****''

Eobasileus ''Eobasileus cornutus'' ("horned dawn-king") was a prehistoric species of dinocerate mammal. Description About long, and standing some tall at the shoulder, with a weight estimated to be around , ''Eobasilius'' was the largest uintathere ...

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Tetheopsis ''Tetheopsis'' is an extinct genus of Uintatheriidae Uintatheriidae is a family of extinct ungulate mammals that includes ''Uintatherium''. Uintatheres belong to the order Dinocerata, one of several extinct orders of primitive hoofed mammals t ...

References

{{Authority control * Eocene extinctions Paleocene first appearances Fossil taxa described in 1872 Mammal orders